城市公交枢纽换乘组织优化研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 06:44

【摘要】：城市的大步伐发展造成居民出行需求的激增,给拥有城市“血液与骨骼”之称的城市交通系统带来了极大挑战,在这种情形下,社会的快速发展与城市公共交通范围的不断扩大两者相互制约。为了能够降低运量成本、减小占地面积及资源浪费,使城市公交系统发挥出其应有的主导地位,提高公交服务水平是大势所趋。因此,合理制定城市公交发车计划并优化枢纽内各条公交线路的发车间隔尤为重要。本文将枢纽内不同线路间的公交换乘优化作为切入点,利用排队理论对乘客在枢纽站点排队上车这一过程进行研究分析,对不同线路公交的发车间隔进行优化研究。首先,界定研究对象为城市常规公交,通过对城市公交枢纽的功能及分类进行简要概述,提出公交枢纽换乘需符合连续性、有序性及高效性原则,并对枢纽内乘客排队系统用n个随机单服务系统模型M/M/1进行描述。其次,建立以总耗费时间最小为目标的优化模型。建模前通过实际调查及数据整理,运用2?拟合检验法对乘客到达和公交服务进行分布检验(不考虑高平峰差别)。乘客和公交车辆到达都具有随机性,为使研究更加深入,利用编程方法对城市公交枢纽内乘客换乘情况进行仿真模拟,另外在模拟时为保证科学的严谨性,将步长间隔设为1分钟。编程仿真能够满足绝大多数的公交枢纽内换乘情况,与实际运行状态相一致。然后,选取银川市南门枢纽内五条公交线路进行仿真并分析检验结果是否与实际情况相符。输入通过调查获得的各条公交线路的初始发车间隔,并根据调查数据算出不同线路间的乘客换乘关系。经过仿真运行后,可以得到公交发车间隔、公交服务时间、公交空载率、乘客排队长、乘客上下车时间等数据信息,分析检验是否与实际情况历史经验相符。然后将数据结果代入最小总耗时优化模型中,得出面对不同决策者所制定的各自最优发车间隔以及当乘客和公交企业两者需求达到平衡状态时对应的最优发车间隔。最后对研究期间的成果进行了分析和总结,指出研究过程中存在的不足以及在将来学习中进一步的研究方向。总之,本文采用排队论思想对枢纽内乘客排队系统进行仿真优化,并将其应用于公交实际运营调度过程中,验证仿真模型的有效性和可行性,为乘客及公交调度人员提供一些理论决策依据,具有一定的实际意义。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the city has led to a surge in the demand for travel by residents, posing a great challenge to the urban transportation system, known as the city's "blood and bones," in which case, The rapid development of society and the continuous expansion of urban public transport scope restrict each other. In order to reduce the cost of transportation, reduce the area of land and waste of resources, make the urban public transport system play its due leading position, improve the level of public transport service is the trend of the times. Therefore, it is very important to make a reasonable urban bus departure plan and optimize the departure interval of each bus line in the hub. In this paper, the optimization of bus transfer between different lines in the hub is taken as the starting point, and the queuing theory is used to study and analyze the process of passengers queuing up to get on at the terminal station, and to optimize the departure interval of different lines of public transportation. First of all, the research object is defined as urban conventional public transport. Through a brief overview of the functions and classification of urban public transport hub, it is proposed that bus hub transfer should conform to the principles of continuity, order and efficiency. The passenger queuing system in the hub is described with n random single service system models (M/M/1). Secondly, an optimization model with the goal of minimum total time consumption is established. Before modeling through the actual investigation and data collation, the use of 2? Fitting test was used to examine the distribution of passenger arrival and bus service (not considering the difference of Gao Ping peak). The arrival of both passengers and public transport vehicles is random. In order to make the research more in-depth, the passenger transfer situation in urban public transport hub is simulated by programming method, and the scientific rigor is ensured in the simulation. Set the step interval to 1 minute. The programming simulation can satisfy most of the transfer conditions in the public transport hub, which is consistent with the actual running state. Then, five bus lines in Nanmen Hub of Yinchuan City are selected to simulate and analyze whether the results are consistent with the actual situation. Input the initial departure interval of each bus line obtained by investigation and calculate the passenger transfer relationship between different lines according to the survey data. After the simulation operation, the data information such as bus departure interval, bus service time, bus no-load rate, passenger queue length, passenger boarding and disembarking time and so on can be obtained, and the analysis and inspection are consistent with the actual situation and historical experience. Then the data result is substituted into the minimum total time consuming optimization model, and the optimal departure interval is obtained when the passenger and public transport enterprises' needs reach the equilibrium state in the face of different decision makers. Finally, the paper analyzes and summarizes the research results, points out the shortcomings in the research process and further research directions in the future learning. In a word, the queuing theory is used to optimize the passenger queuing system in the hub, and it is applied to the actual operation and scheduling of public transportation to verify the validity and feasibility of the simulation model. It is of practical significance to provide some theoretical basis for passengers and bus dispatchers.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17

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