城市微型公交需求特性分析及线路站点规划方法研究

发布时间：2018-09-07 14:09

【摘要】：微型公交作为城市公共交通运输系统的重要组成部分,可以配合地铁、BRT站点和客流集散点设置,行驶于中小街道、延伸到各居住区和功能区,补充了大运量公交和常规公交的服务,关注了老年人和弱势群体的出行质量,提高老年人的出行便捷性和出行可达性,有效地扩展了轨道交通、BRT服务,为地铁站点承担起有效的支线集散服务,有效地解决了短距离出行和接驳换乘问题。因此,有必要研究微型公交系统的规划方法,为合理规划微型公交提供科学的理论依据。本文首先分析微型公交的概念,给出微型公交的定义,比较分析微型公交与常规公交的异同并进行分类。分析微型公交的社会效益、经济效益,微型公交的功能定位及作用,探讨微型公交的发展模式。然后,分析了微型公交的四类需求群体、群体出行目的和群体出行时耗,然后从城市中心区、城市郊区两个空间层面分析对微型公交的需求。结合上海市微型公交线路的运行数据,分析影响客流的主要因素。通过分析常用的几种需求预测方法和微观经济学区位理论在微型公交客流预测中的适用性,本文提出基于三层面的微观经济学区位理论-圈点线路模型的预测方法。通过深入分析影响微型公交线路设置的因素,探讨微型公交与轨道交通的接驳关系并进行分类,建立微观层面的圈点线路模型进行路径优化并应用遗传算法求解,并用实例验证模型及算法的可行性,以单接驳点的一条微型公交线路与轨道交通之间的换乘为例,计算最短换乘等待时间。最后,分析站点服务面积、站间距,提出影响站点选取的主要因素,并进行调整。为减少接驳轨道交通的微型公交设施用地需求,提出了一条始发微型公交线路用地估算方法。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the urban public transport system, micro public transport can be set up with BRT stations and passenger flow distribution points, and run on small and medium-sized streets, extending to residential areas and functional areas. It supplements the services of mass transit and conventional public transport, pays attention to the travel quality of the elderly and vulnerable groups, improves the travel convenience and accessibility of the elderly, and effectively expands the BRT service of rail transit. It can effectively solve the problem of short distance travel and transfer. Therefore, it is necessary to study the planning method of micro bus system to provide scientific theoretical basis for reasonable planning of micro bus. In this paper, the concept of micro bus is analyzed, the definition of micro bus is given, and the similarities and differences between micro bus and conventional bus are compared and classified. The social benefit, economic benefit, function orientation and function of micro bus are analyzed, and the development mode of micro bus is discussed. Then, it analyzes the four kinds of demand groups of micro bus, the purpose of group travel and travel time consumption, and then analyzes the demand of micro bus from two spatial levels of urban center and suburb. Based on the operation data of Shanghai mini bus line, the main factors affecting passenger flow are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the applicability of several commonly used demand forecasting methods and microeconomic location theory in the forecast of mini bus passenger flow, this paper puts forward a forecasting method based on three levels of microeconomic location theory-circle point line model. Through in-depth analysis of the factors affecting the setting of micro bus lines, the connection relationship between micro public transport and rail transit is discussed and classified, and a micro level circle point line model is established for route optimization and genetic algorithm is applied to solve the problem. An example is given to verify the feasibility of the model and algorithm. Taking the transfer between a minibus line at a single connection point and rail transit as an example, the shortest transfer waiting time is calculated. Finally, the service area and distance between stations are analyzed, and the main factors affecting site selection are put forward and adjusted. In order to reduce the demand for land use for mini-bus facilities connected with rail transit, a method for estimating the land use of the starting mini-bus line is proposed.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17

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