车道变换机理及其对交叉口通行能力的影响分析

发布时间：2018-09-07 18:52

【摘要】：车道变换是车辆在道路上行驶过程中常见的一种驾驶行为,受到驾驶员因素、驾驶行为方式、道路条件、自然环境等影响,同时车道变换又会对交通流的运行产生影响。研究表明,车道变换对道路上的交通影响很大,当道路上的交通流密度过大或过小时,车辆变换的行为会发生,但变换的频率并不高,而当交通量适中时,才更容易发生车道变换。在交通压力日益严重的今天,有必要对车道变换对道路通行能力的关系进行分析研究,定性的分析交叉口处通行能力,由此提升交通管制措施,提高道路的畅通性和服务能力。本文以交通流理论、驾驶员的行驶影响因素、交通设计理论与方法等为基础,研究了车道变换与交通拥挤之间的致因关系,具体内容如下:1)本文以分析了车道变换的产生特性,分析了变换车道所要求的时间、距离、驾驶人等条件因素,并给出了变换的道路条件、驾驶条件和空隙条件,确立了最小可变车道间隙,构建了最小可变间隙的计算模型,分析了道路饱和度与车道变换之间的关系,由此得出车道变换的发生最大概率生在自由流和拥挤流之间的非稳定流状态,明确了驾驶员车道变换的驾驶员因素,其中包括性别、驾龄、年龄、心理特征等。2)确立了驾驶员变换车道的影响程度评价指标,从普遍性、可控性和风险性三方面分析,研究表明,违规的插队行为,对道路的交通安全影响最大,确立了驾驶员换道行为产生的需要及主要影响因素,由此分析了驾驶员换道的形成基理,建立了换道与被换道之间的博弈演化模型,从收益的角度出发,设定了纳什均衡求解结果,运用经济学的角度分析了插队的博弈支付结果。3)对驾驶人在拥挤状态下,不同的换道行为进行分析,提出了换道冲突的三种类型,即斜插型、挤压型和并行型,确立了不同拥堵压力系数下,车道变换的比例,定性的分析换道类型与拥堵压力系数之间的二次线性关系,给出了不同拥堵条件下,采取换道的最好行为方式。4)建立了交叉口处车辆变换的道路通行能力计算模型研究,在充分调查道路信息、交通量、信号配时等数据的基础上,通过模型计算,进行了实际通行能力与模型改进计算值之间的误差对比分析,验证了模型的真实和有效性,并通过VISSIM仿真模拟,生成基础的延误数据,计算了交叉口的饱和度和车辆的排队概率,以此对交叉口通行能力进行影响分析。
[Abstract]:Lane change is a common driving behavior in the course of vehicle driving on the road, which is influenced by driver factors, driving behavior, road conditions, natural environment and so on. At the same time, lane change will have an impact on the operation of traffic flow. The research shows that the lane change has a great influence on the traffic on the road. When the traffic density on the road is too high or too small, the behavior of the vehicle change will occur, but the frequency of the change is not high, but when the traffic volume is moderate, Is more likely to change lanes. In today's increasingly serious traffic pressure, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between lane change and road capacity, and qualitatively analyze the traffic capacity at intersections, so as to enhance traffic control measures and improve the road smoothness and service capacity. Based on the traffic flow theory, driver's driving influence factors, traffic design theory and methods, this paper studies the relationship between lane change and traffic congestion. The specific contents are as follows: 1) this paper analyzes the characteristics of lane change. The required time, distance and driver are analyzed, and the changing road condition, driving condition and gap condition are given, the minimum variable lane clearance is established, and the calculating model of minimum variable gap is constructed. The relationship between road saturation and lane change is analyzed. The maximum probability of lane change is derived from the unstable flow state between free flow and crowded flow, and the driver factors, including sex, are defined. Driving age, psychological characteristics, etc.) established the evaluation index of influence degree of driver changing lane, analyzed from three aspects of universality, controllability and risk, the research shows that the behavior of breaking in line with the rules of law has the greatest influence on the traffic safety of the road. In this paper, the need and main influencing factors of the driver's change of track behavior are established, and the formation principle of the driver's change of track is analyzed, and the game evolution model between the change of lane and the changed channel is established, which starts from the angle of profit. The result of Nash equilibrium solution is set up, and the result of game payment of queue jumping is analyzed from the angle of economics. 3) the different behaviors of drivers changing lanes in crowded condition are analyzed, and three types of conflict are put forward, that is, oblique insertion. The ratio of lane change under different congestion pressure coefficient is established, and the quadratic linear relationship between change type and congestion pressure coefficient is analyzed qualitatively, and the different congestion conditions are given. Taking the best behavior mode of changing roads. 4) establishing the road capacity calculation model of vehicle transformation at intersections. On the basis of fully investigating the data of road information, traffic volume, signal timing, etc., the model is used to calculate the model. The error contrast analysis between the actual capacity and the calculated value of the improved model is carried out, which verifies the real and validity of the model, and generates the basic delay data by VISSIM simulation. The saturation of intersection and the queuing probability of vehicles are calculated to analyze the capacity of intersection.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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