公交时空路权综合优先效果多情景仿真与评估

发布时间：2018-09-14 19:16

【摘要】：城市公共交通具有集约高效、节能环保的优点,优先发展公共交通已成为我国的重要战略,而公交路权优先是公交优先的重要抓手和有力保障。目前,时空路权综合优先在我国有部分工程实践案例,但普遍缺乏优先效果层面的评估,因而实施效果较差,未能真正提升公共交通的服务水平。因此,本文的研究目的是,以多情景仿真系统探究公交时空路权综合优先的实施效果,并总结公交路权优先效果的评估方法。本论文首先进行了未设置公交专用道路段的实地调查,选择南京市中山路长江路—珠江路路段和中山路—珠江路交叉口,获取高峰小时的地点车速和交通量数据,得到了后续仿真建模的基础。然后对获得数据进行初步分析,得出了现状交通运行状况,作为路权优先效果的原始对照。通过理论准备,介绍了路外侧和路内侧公交专用道的特点,给出三种信号控制方式,分别是无信号优先、传统信号优先和预感应信号优先,旨在提供原始对照的同时丰富时间路权优先方法。通过方式组合设计了六种时空路权综合优先情景,体现综合优先的特点,以期通过多情景测试找出最佳组合方式。利用VISSIM_COM接口进行VISSIM信号控制模块的二次开发,从而能够在VISSIM里面实现六种测试情景。从公交车、社会车辆和乘客的角度给出评价指标,包括公交车车均延误、平均停车延误和平均停车次数,社会车辆车均延误、平均停车延误以及人均行程时间,从而能够全面反映优先效果。研究结果表明,提供路权优先能够产生显著的正面效益。设置公交专用道后,由于公交车和社会车辆各行其道,公交车受到的干扰减小,公交车的延误有大幅度的降低,充分体现了公交专用道的基础地位和重要作用。由于本案例中左转车流量较大,因此设置路外侧公交专用道效果更好。提供时间路权优先后,公交车的运行效益有进一步的提升,体现出信号优先锦上添花的作用。在路外侧和路内侧专用道前提下,提供传统信号优先使得公交车车均延误降低了4%和2%;提供预感应信号优先则降低了33%和20%。两种优先控制方式下,社会车辆的延误增加值均控制在15%以内。从人均行程时间角度上来看,本案例中,在采集的流量下,六种测试情景中,设置路外侧专用道并提供预感应信号优先效果最好,能够使得人均行程时间最小,也即找出了最佳组合方式。不同于传统的单一路权的研究思路,本文提出的时空综合路权优先效果评估方法可以有效指导公交路权优先的设置,为工程实践提供依据,具有良好的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Urban public transport has the advantages of intensive efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection. Priority to develop public transportation has become an important strategy in our country, and the priority of public transport right is an important grasp and powerful guarantee of public transport priority. At present, there are some engineering practice cases in our country, but there is a general lack of evaluation of priority effect level, so the implementation effect is poor, and the service level of public transportation can not be really improved. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the implementation effect of the comprehensive priority of bus traffic right in time and space by using multi-scenario simulation system, and to summarize the evaluation method of the priority effect of bus traffic right. In this paper, first of all, a field investigation is carried out on the road sections without bus lanes. The intersection of Changjiang Road and Zhujiang Road, Zhongshan Road and Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, is selected to obtain the local speed and traffic volume data of peak hours. The foundation of subsequent simulation modeling is obtained. Then the data obtained are analyzed preliminarily, and the current traffic operation condition is obtained, which is used as the original control of the priority effect of road rights. Through theoretical preparation, this paper introduces the characteristics of the bus lanes outside the road and the inner side of the road, and gives three signal control modes, namely, no signal priority, traditional signal priority and preemptive signal priority. The aim is to provide primordial contrast while enriching the time-based right-of-way approach. This paper designs six kinds of space-time road rights comprehensive priority scenarios by way combination, which embodies the characteristics of comprehensive priority, in order to find out the best combination mode through multi-scenario test. The second development of VISSIM signal control module is carried out by using VISSIM_COM interface, so that six test scenarios can be realized in VISSIM. From the point of view of bus, social vehicle and passenger, the evaluation index is given, including the average delay of bus, the average delay and the average number of times of stopping, the delay of vehicle, the average delay of stopping and the travel time per person. Thus, the priority effect can be fully reflected. The research results show that providing priority to road rights can bring about significant positive benefits. After the bus lane is set up, because the bus and the social vehicle go their own way, the interference of the bus is reduced, and the delay of the bus is greatly reduced, which fully reflects the basic position and the important role of the bus lane. Because of the large left-turn traffic in this case, it is better to set the outside bus lane. After giving priority to the time right, the operation efficiency of the bus will be further improved, which reflects the effect of signal priority. On the premise of the outside and the inside of the road, the traditional signal priority reduces the average delay of bus by 4% and 2%, and the priority of providing the presentiment signal reduces by 33% and 20%. Under the two priority control modes, the added value of social vehicle delay is controlled within 15%. From the point of view of per capita travel time, in this case, under the collected flow rate, in six test scenarios, it is the best to set up a special lane outside the road and provide a presentiment signal to give priority to the per capita travel time, which can make the per capita travel time minimum. That is, to find out the best combination. Different from the traditional research idea of single road right, the method proposed in this paper can effectively guide the establishment of bus traffic right priority, and provide the basis for engineering practice. It has a good application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17

【相似文献】