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西安地区驾乘人员安全带使用情况调查

发布时间:2018-09-17 06:31
【摘要】:安全带作为一种乘员约束保护系统,自发明问世以来挽救了数以万计的生命,为保护生命财产安全起到了重要的作用。国外研究机构发现,当事故发生概率一定的条件下,使用安全带相比于不使用安全带,能够减少约2/3的事故死亡率。虽然安全带的保护效果十分明显,但是在我国安全带的使用率仍然相对较低。北京市的一次调查统计数据显示,在发生的多起碰撞致人死亡的事故中,安全带的使用率仅为12.1%。因此,对于安全带使用情况及影响因素的研究就显得十分的必要了。本文首先通过问卷调查法和实地观察的方法对西安地区驾乘人员安全带的使用情况进行了调查,共收集了有效调查问卷1304份,高速公路观察数据13393份,城市道路观察数据6802份,并采用描述性统计分析对采集的样本数据进行初步分析,描述了观察样本数据的特征情况。其次,在相关分析对问卷调查对影响安全带使用因素进行分析后,采用主成分分析方法对调查问卷数据中影响安全带使用较大的几个因素进行提取,并建立了主成分分析的回归模型,明晰了各使用因素与安全带使用率的相关程度。最后,在单因素方差分析的基础上,运用二值logistic回归分析模型对高速公路和城市道路实地调研数据分别进行了分析,研究了性别、年龄、车型及座椅位置因素对于安全带使用率的影响程度,并比较了高速公路和城市道路驾乘人员安全带使用率的差异性。研究结果表明:总体高速公路的安全带使用率明显高于城市道路,不同性别安全带的使用率主要与所乘坐位置以及道路类型有关。在高速公路上驾驶位、副驾驶位男女性安全带使用率相差不大,后排座位安全带使用率男性高于女性;城市道路上驾驶位安全带使用率男性高于女性,副驾驶位和后排座位女性高于男性;在高速公路不同位置不同年龄段安全带使用率除36~45岁驾驶员群体安全带使用率较低以外,其他年龄段安全带使用率差异不大。在不同档次车型中,中等档次车型相比低档次车型和高档次车型安全带使用率略高。
[Abstract]:As a kind of occupant restraint protection system, seat belt has saved tens of thousands of lives since the invention, and has played an important role in protecting the safety of life and property. Foreign research institutions have found that when the probability of accidents is constant, the use of seat belts can reduce the accident mortality by about two thirds compared with that without using seat belts. Although the protective effect of seatbelt is very obvious, the usage rate of seatbelt is still relatively low in our country. According to a survey in Beijing, safety belts were used only 12.1in multiple crashes that killed people. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the use of seat belts and influencing factors. In this paper, the use of seat belts of drivers in Xi'an is investigated by means of questionnaire survey and field observation. A total of 1304 effective questionnaires, 13393 observation data of highway and 6802 observation data of urban roads are collected. A descriptive statistical analysis is used to analyze the sample data and the characteristics of the observed data are described. Secondly, after analyzing the factors that influence the use of seat belts by the questionnaire survey, the principal component analysis method is used to extract the factors that affect the use of seat belts in the questionnaire data. A regression model of principal component analysis (PCA) was established to clarify the correlation between the use factors and the seatbelt utilization rate. Finally, on the basis of univariate ANOVA, the field investigation data of expressway and urban road were analyzed by using binary logistic regression analysis model, and the gender and age were studied. The influence of vehicle type and seat position on the seatbelt utilization rate was also compared and the differences of seatbelt utilization rate between expressway and urban road drivers were compared. The results show that the seatbelt utilization rate of the overall expressway is obviously higher than that of the urban road, and the utilization rate of different sex seat belts is mainly related to the location of the seat belt and the type of the road. The utilization rate of seat belts in the front seat seats of men is higher than that of women in the rear seat seats of men, and that of seat belts in driving seats of urban roads is higher in men than in women. The usage rate of seat belts in different age groups of different age groups except 36- 45 years old drivers was lower than that of men, but there was no significant difference in other age groups. In different grades, the utilization rate of safety belt is slightly higher than that of low grade and high grade.
【学位授予单位】:长安大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:U491.61

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