高速公路主线瓶颈区可变限控制研究

发布时间：2018-10-10 11:55

【摘要】：高速公路因局部路段施工或发生交通事故致使行车速度和通行能力降低从而形成交通瓶颈,为提高交通瓶颈区的通行效率和行驶安全,避免自由流车辆在交通瓶颈区突然降低车速发生交通事故,应对交通瓶颈区以及其上游路段进行限速,而可变限速控制方法能有效应对不同的限速要求,其分级限速措施可以实现车速级差较大时的速度安全梯度下降,保证高速公路行车安全。首先,论文对原有高速公路限速采用的交通流模型的适用性条件进行分析,选用以速度预测为核心的METANET交通流模型作为本文可变限速控制的基础交通流模型,并改进了模型中的驾驶员反应时间,使得模型更适合高速公路瓶颈区交通流特性,利用相关数据对模型中道路属性参数进行了标定。其次,在分析可变限速设置原则和流程的基础上,本文以总通行时间和总周转量两个指标作为优化目标函数,采取预测性控制框架建模的方法建立了瓶颈路段可变限速控制策略,并基于实际交通需求,利用MATLAB仿真的方法,评价了本文建立的可变限速策略,仿真结果显示:有效控制范围内,可变限速控制方法使车辆的总通行时间减少10.8%,改善道路交通服务水平。本文在分析驾驶人特性的基础上,以VISSIM交通仿真的方法建立了速度降幅和路段冲突率之间的关系,仿真结果表明:车速降幅在35km/h-45km/h时,冲突率达到最小。在道路安全速度约束的基础上建立了瓶颈路段分级限速策略,并给出了速度值和级数划分的方法;利用施工区路段影响划分的标准,以三级限速为例,修正了警告区的长度。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the traffic efficiency and safety of the traffic bottleneck area, the speed and capacity of the expressway are reduced due to the construction of local sections or traffic accidents. In order to avoid the sudden reduction of vehicle speed in traffic bottleneck zone and traffic accident, the speed limit of traffic bottleneck area and its upstream should be limited, and the variable speed limit control method can effectively meet different speed limit requirements. The step speed limit measures can reduce the speed safety gradient when the speed level difference is large, and ensure the safety of the expressway. Firstly, this paper analyzes the applicable conditions of the traffic flow model used in the speed limit of expressway, and chooses the METANET traffic flow model as the basic traffic flow model with variable speed limit control as the core of speed prediction. The response time of the driver in the model is improved to make the model more suitable for the traffic flow characteristics in the freeway bottleneck area. The road attribute parameters in the model are calibrated by using the relevant data. Secondly, on the basis of analyzing the principle and flow of variable speed limit setting, this paper takes two indexes of total traffic time and total turnover as the optimization objective function. The simulation results show that the variable speed limit control method can reduce the total traffic time by 10.8% and improve the road traffic service level in the effective control range. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the driver, the relationship between the speed drop and the road collision rate is established by using the VISSIM traffic simulation method. The simulation results show that the collision rate reaches the minimum when the speed drop is in the 35km/h-45km/h. Based on the speed constraint of road safety, this paper establishes the hierarchical speed limit strategy of the bottleneck section, and gives the method of velocity value and series partition, and uses the criterion of road section influence partition in the construction area, taking the three-stage speed limit as an example, the length of warning area is revised.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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