港口内陆集疏运的优化研究

发布时间：2018-10-15 19:41

【摘要】：随着世界经济一体化的发展,港口经济贸易发挥着越来越重要的作用,贸易的顺利完成离不开港口集疏运系统的完善。畅通的集疏运环境能大大降低港口、企业用户的成本费用,提高港口营运效率,促进客户与港口的互利共赢。目前,随着物流产业的迅速发展,传统港口间的恶性竞争已经转变为港口间通过合理投资建设中转节点和规模,达到系统总成本费用最低、整体综合效益最优的动态港口联盟关系。如何从港口和用户的双层角度实现利益最大化,成为港口决策者必须面临的抉择。本文首先对港口集疏运的基础理论进行概述,其次详细分析了影响港口集疏运的定量和定性因素,并对港口集疏运优化问题做了细致阐述,为构建港口集疏运优化模型-双层规划模型做了铺垫,然后通过对比分析上下层模型的相互关系确定决策变量,构建了基于广义费用下的双层规划模型。上层为港口对中转节点的投资决策模型、下层为用户在既有的中转节点下的自主选择路径模型,以期达到通过合理投资建设中转节点,港口和用户互相影响的最终结果是优化集疏运网络结构,降低总物流成本,实现资源合理配置。采用Lingo 14.0软件通过算例对模型进行可行性和实用性的验证,并与港口单方面决策时的结果在运输方式比例,中转节点投资决策及系统总费用方面进行对比,此外为了研究集疏运方式运力发展对港口集疏运结构的影响,不仅利用算例进行模型可行性验证,同时通过释放所有运力约束,释放公路运力约束和释放铁路运力约束下的结果与释放运力约束前作对比分析,提出对以后集疏运网络的发展、中转节点、港口建设的相关建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of world economic integration, port economic trade is playing a more and more important role. The smooth completion of trade can not be separated from the perfection of port transportation system. The unblocked transportation environment can greatly reduce the cost of the port, enterprise users, improve the efficiency of port operation, and promote mutual benefit between customers and ports. At present, with the rapid development of logistics industry, the vicious competition among traditional ports has been transformed into the transfer node and scale between ports through reasonable investment and construction, so as to achieve the lowest total cost of the system. The dynamic port alliance relationship with the best overall comprehensive benefit. How to maximize the benefits from both port and user is a choice that must be faced by port decision makers. In this paper, the basic theory of port transportation is summarized, then the quantitative and qualitative factors affecting port transportation are analyzed in detail, and the optimization of port transportation is elaborated in detail. A bilevel programming model based on generalized cost is constructed by comparing and analyzing the relationship between upper and lower layer models to determine the decision variables. The upper layer is the investment decision model of port to transit node, and the lower layer is the user's self-selecting path model under the existing transit node, in order to achieve the construction of transit node through reasonable investment. The final result of the interaction between port and user is to optimize the network structure of distribution, reduce the total logistics cost and realize the rational allocation of resources. The feasibility and practicability of the model are verified by Lingo 14.0 software, and compared with the results of port unilateral decision in terms of transportation mode ratio, transfer node investment decision and total system cost. In addition, in order to study the influence of the development of transportation mode on the port transportation structure, not only the feasibility of the model is verified by using a numerical example, but also all the constraints of transportation capacity are released at the same time. The results of releasing highway capacity constraint and releasing railway transportation capacity constraint are compared with those before releasing transportation capacity constraint, and some suggestions on the development of collecting and distributing network, transit node and port construction are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U116;U695.2

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