出口条件对行人疏散的影响研究
发布时间：2018-10-21 08:14
【摘要】：近些年来,世界各地的行人安全事故频频发生,紧急情况下的人群疏散问题逐渐成为建筑设计、行人安全管理的研究重点。在火车站、地铁站、购物中心、电影院、体育馆等大型公共设施建筑物内常常发生人群聚集,一旦紧急情况发生,人群往往会在出口处发生的相互竞争和推搡行为,而这些竞争还会引起潜在的人群扰动,甚至导致踩踏事件的发生,因此,此类出口处被视作为行人疏散的瓶颈区域。当行人安全事故或灾害发生时,提升行人在建筑物内的疏散效率与安全性是至关重要的。本文通过设计控制实验研究不同出口条件下的行人疏散效率,主要研究出口位置和障碍物的影响,根据不同的出口位置和障碍物参数构建了 14种实验场景,通过视频拍摄记录实验过程,并使用相关数据提取方法和转换方法得到每个行人的真实轨迹坐标。通过处理实验中每个行人的轨迹数据,可以得到行人疏散瓶颈区域内的宏观参数和微观参数。其中,宏观参数包含行人的密度、速度、流量,微观参数包含行人的人头时距、冲突点、瞬时速度等。本文的分析与评价中,通过宏观参数分析一些现象的发生,如拥堵的形成。而通过微观特性的分析导致这些行人流现象发生背后可能的原因或局部相互作用。并且找出宏观参数与微观参数之间的联系,即一些局部相互作用与全局结果和集体行为的发生的相关关系。根据这些宏观与微观参数,综合评价各实验场景的疏散效率和疏散安全,在所有实验设置中,出口在角落优于中间出口,在合适的位置设置合理尺寸的障碍物可以提高疏散效率与安全性,最优的出口设计即是出口在角落且有合适障碍物的情况。本研究为建筑设计和行人安全管理提出合理的建议,本实验也为行人疏散行为的仿真模型提供了经验数据,帮助验证模型的可靠性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, pedestrian safety accidents occur frequently all over the world. The problem of crowd evacuation in emergency situations has gradually become the research focus of architectural design and pedestrian safety management. In large public facilities such as railway stations, subway stations, shopping malls, cinemas, gymnasiums and other large public facilities, crowds often gather in the event of an emergency, and the crowd tends to compete and push each other at the exit. These competitions can also cause potential crowd disturbance and even cause stampede, so such exits are regarded as the bottleneck area for pedestrian evacuation. It is very important to improve the efficiency and safety of pedestrian evacuation in buildings when pedestrian safety accidents or disasters occur. In this paper, the pedestrian evacuation efficiency under different exit conditions is studied by designing control experiments, and the effects of exit location and obstacles are mainly studied. According to the different exit positions and obstacle parameters, 14 experimental scenarios are constructed. The real track coordinates of each pedestrian are obtained by recording the experimental process by video recording and using the relevant data extraction and conversion methods. By processing the track data of each pedestrian in the experiment, the macro and micro parameters in the bottleneck area of pedestrian evacuation can be obtained. Among them, macro parameters include pedestrian density, velocity, flow rate, micro parameters including pedestrian head distance, conflict point, instantaneous velocity and so on. In the analysis and evaluation of this paper, some phenomena, such as the formation of congestion, are analyzed by macroscopic parameters. The possible causes or local interactions behind these pedestrian flows are analyzed by microscopic characteristics. We also find out the relationship between macro and micro parameters, that is, the correlation between some local interactions and global results and collective behavior. According to these macro and micro parameters, the evacuation efficiency and evacuation safety of each experimental scenario are comprehensively evaluated. In all experimental settings, the exit is better than the middle exit in the corner. The evacuation efficiency and safety can be improved by setting a reasonable size obstacle in the proper position. The optimal exit design is the case where the exit is in the corner and has a suitable obstacle. This study provides reasonable suggestions for architectural design and pedestrian safety management. The experiment also provides empirical data for the simulation model of pedestrian evacuation behavior and helps to verify the reliability of the model.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.226
本文编号：2284509
[Abstract]:In recent years, pedestrian safety accidents occur frequently all over the world. The problem of crowd evacuation in emergency situations has gradually become the research focus of architectural design and pedestrian safety management. In large public facilities such as railway stations, subway stations, shopping malls, cinemas, gymnasiums and other large public facilities, crowds often gather in the event of an emergency, and the crowd tends to compete and push each other at the exit. These competitions can also cause potential crowd disturbance and even cause stampede, so such exits are regarded as the bottleneck area for pedestrian evacuation. It is very important to improve the efficiency and safety of pedestrian evacuation in buildings when pedestrian safety accidents or disasters occur. In this paper, the pedestrian evacuation efficiency under different exit conditions is studied by designing control experiments, and the effects of exit location and obstacles are mainly studied. According to the different exit positions and obstacle parameters, 14 experimental scenarios are constructed. The real track coordinates of each pedestrian are obtained by recording the experimental process by video recording and using the relevant data extraction and conversion methods. By processing the track data of each pedestrian in the experiment, the macro and micro parameters in the bottleneck area of pedestrian evacuation can be obtained. Among them, macro parameters include pedestrian density, velocity, flow rate, micro parameters including pedestrian head distance, conflict point, instantaneous velocity and so on. In the analysis and evaluation of this paper, some phenomena, such as the formation of congestion, are analyzed by macroscopic parameters. The possible causes or local interactions behind these pedestrian flows are analyzed by microscopic characteristics. We also find out the relationship between macro and micro parameters, that is, the correlation between some local interactions and global results and collective behavior. According to these macro and micro parameters, the evacuation efficiency and evacuation safety of each experimental scenario are comprehensively evaluated. In all experimental settings, the exit is better than the middle exit in the corner. The evacuation efficiency and safety can be improved by setting a reasonable size obstacle in the proper position. The optimal exit design is the case where the exit is in the corner and has a suitable obstacle. This study provides reasonable suggestions for architectural design and pedestrian safety management. The experiment also provides empirical data for the simulation model of pedestrian evacuation behavior and helps to verify the reliability of the model.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.226
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