闽西北山区公路滑坡灾害成因分析和防治策略研究

发布时间：2018-10-31 15:27

【摘要】：随着我国社会经济的迅速发展,山区公路建设也日益加快,而在建设过程中不可避免的会破坏原有的地质结构,进而带来种种的地质灾害。其中滑坡是山区公路最常见的一种地质灾害,在各类对山区公路造成破坏的地质灾害中,滑坡几乎是对山区公路的交通畅通以及人们的生命财产安全影响最大的。根据有关资料的报道,在福建省内,闽西北山区公路滑坡灾害相对严重,对福建省的社会经济造成了很大的损失。因此,正确有效的分析闽西北山区公路滑坡成因并提前对不稳定边坡进行防护,是山区公路建设的一项重要内容。本文以闽西北山区公路滑坡为研究对象,采取有限元强度折减法对闽西北典型滑坡进行稳定性分析,然后选取几个典型滑坡路段分析其滑坡的成因,并提出相对应的防治措施,具体研究内容及结果如下:通过收集大量相关资料对该地区的滑坡类型以及破坏模式进行归纳总结,得出闽西北山区公路边坡稳定性影响因素主要可分为两大类:自然因素(地层与岩性、地质构造、降水、震动、植被)和人为因素(公路选线方案、边坡结构设计、公路排水设计、施工组织设计与方法、植被的人为破坏)。闽西北山区公路滑坡的主要滑体类别可分为剥落、崩塌、塌滑、倾倒、滑动和蠕动。详细阐述了闽西北山区公路常见滑坡类型及产生原因、主要防治措施及其适用条件和工艺要求等,对各防护模式的基本原理、特征、施工方法等进行了归纳总结。针对龙岩东风亭滑坡和松溪至建瓯高速公路ZK60+200～+600段滑坡的成因分析得出滑坡的产生通常是在多种不利因素下共同长期作用下导致的。在此基础上根据不同的滑坡因素,提出相应的治理策略,为闽西北地区其它类似滑坡治理提供参考。最后结合工程实例,以永安至武平高速公路K184+150～K184+260段中某一典型边坡剖面为例,利用Ansys有限元软件建立滑坡有限元模型,然后用有限元强度折减法先对典型滑坡进行稳定性分析,模拟边坡变形失稳的全过程。根据分析的结果和相关工程技术人员的建议,提出了五种治理方法,并利用层次分析法、专家群体决策方法及yaahp层次分析软件对治理方案进行综合评价,获得各方案的权重排序,进而得到最佳的治理方案。根据计算结果的方案排序为D3D2D4D1D5,得出针对此滑坡治理的最优方案是方案三,即:锚喷锁固+排水工程,对今后闽西北山区公路滑坡治理方案的优选有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy in our country, the highway construction in mountainous area is also speeding up day by day, and in the process of construction, it will inevitably destroy the original geological structure and bring all kinds of geological disasters. Landslide is the most common geological hazard of mountain highway. Among all kinds of geological disasters, landslide has the greatest influence on the traffic of mountain highway and the safety of people's life and property. According to the related data, in Fujian Province, the highway landslide disaster is relatively serious in the northwestern Fujian Province, which has caused great losses to the social economy of Fujian Province. Therefore, it is an important content of highway construction in mountain area to analyze the cause of highway landslide and to protect the unstable slope in advance. This paper takes highway landslide in western and northern mountain area of Fujian province as the research object, adopts finite element strength reduction method to analyze the stability of typical landslide in northwestern Fujian Province, then selects several typical sections of landslide to analyze the cause of formation of landslide, and puts forward corresponding prevention measures. The specific research contents and results are as follows: through collecting a large number of relevant data, the landslide types and failure patterns in this area are summarized and summarized. It is concluded that the influencing factors of highway slope stability in the northern mountain area of western Fujian can be divided into two categories: natural factors (strata and lithology, geological structure, precipitation, vibration, vegetation) and human factors (highway route selection scheme, slope structure design, etc. Highway drainage design, construction organization design and method, artificial destruction of vegetation). The main landslide types of highway landslide in the northern mountain area of western Fujian can be divided into spalling, collapsing, sliding, sliding and creeping. This paper expounds in detail the common landslide types and causes, main prevention measures, applicable conditions and technological requirements of highways in the northwestern mountain area of Fujian Province, and summarizes the basic principles, characteristics and construction methods of each protective mode. Based on the genetic analysis of Dongting landslide in Longyan and the landslide in ZK60 200 ~ 600 section of Songxi to Jianou expressway, it is concluded that the landslide is usually caused by the long-term action of various unfavorable factors. On this basis, according to different landslide factors, the corresponding control strategies are put forward to provide reference for other similar landslide treatment in Northwest Fujian. Finally, taking a typical slope section in the K184 150~K184 260 section of Yongan to Wuping Expressway as an example, the finite element model of landslide is established by using Ansys finite element software. Then the finite element strength reduction method is used to analyze the stability of typical landslide and simulate the whole process of slope deformation and instability. According to the results of the analysis and the suggestions of the related engineers and technicians, five kinds of governance methods are put forward, and the comprehensive evaluation of the governance scheme is carried out by using the analytic hierarchy process, expert group decision making method and yaahp analytic hierarchy process software. Get the weight ranking of each scheme, and then get the best governance scheme. According to the result of calculation, the order is D _ 3D _ 2D _ 4D _ 1D _ 5, and the optimal scheme for this landslide treatment is the third scheme, that is, anchoring and shotcrete locking and drainage project, which has certain reference significance for the future selection of the landslide treatment scheme in the northwestern mountain area of Fujian Province.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U418.55

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