公交车辆应急疏散集结点选址和路径规划模型

发布时间：2018-11-02 17:01

【摘要】：随着自然和社会矛盾的突出,人为或自然的突发性事件频频发生。大型灾难事件发生时,为保障人员安全,需组织大规模的区域性疏散,将危险区域人口撤离到安全地带。区域中其中一部分人驾驶私人机动车离开,导致道路网交通需求短时剧增,影响疏散效率。在我国,高比例的低行动力人群无可靠交通工具撤离,具有高度脆弱性,采用公交车辆进行疏散可有效提高疏散效率。本文针对运用公交车辆进行应急疏散时的集结点选址和公交车辆行驶路径规划问题展开研究,建立模型并设计了相应算法,旨在为基于公交车辆的大规模区域性应急疏散规划提供一定的参考。首先,分析公交车辆疏散集结点设置的主要影响因素,包括突发事件特性和疏散区域特性两方面,以及集结点选址所需的信息,包括突发事件信息、疏散区域特性信息和疏散需求信息。根据以往研究成果,假设备选集结点不会被灾难破坏,且容量和位置已知,每个疏散小区只被一个集结点服务,疏散人员按最短路径步行到达集结点,以总步行距离最短为主要目标,穿越干路次数最少为次要目标,以容量限制、最大步行距离等为约束条件,建立集结点选址的双目标优化模型,运用遗传算法对该模型进行求解,在帕累托最优解中寻找较优方案。其次,对常态交通分配模型进行分析,认为应急疏散时公交车辆在路网上的分配应为系统最优状态。在此基础上,考虑集结点人群的到达随时间变化的特性,将疏散时间划分为若干个相等的时段,以公交行驶总距离最短为目标建立公交车辆疏散路径的线性规划模型,采用原始对偶内点法进行求解,有效减少了迭代次数,提高了求解效率。最后,以宁波市北仑区为例,假设在发生台风灾害前对该区域内的居民进行疏散,应用所建模型进行实例验证,制定了公交车辆疏散方案,提出一系列应急交通管理措施。研究结果表明所建模型能够为公交车辆疏散的应急预案规划提供一定的理论依据和技术支持。
[Abstract]:With the prominent contradiction between nature and society, man-made or natural sudden events occur frequently. In order to ensure the safety of personnel, large-scale regional evacuation should be organized to evacuate the population in dangerous areas to safety. Some of the people in the area drive private motor vehicles, which results in a sudden increase in the demand for road network traffic, which affects the efficiency of evacuation. In our country, a high proportion of people with low mobility have no reliable means of transportation evacuation and have a high vulnerability. Using public transport vehicles to evacuate can effectively improve the efficiency of evacuation. In this paper, we study the location of assembly point and the route planning of public transport vehicle in emergency evacuation, establish the model and design the corresponding algorithm. The purpose is to provide a certain reference for the large-scale regional emergency evacuation planning based on public transport vehicles. First of all, it analyzes the main factors that affect the setting of public transport vehicle evacuation assembly point, including emergency characteristics and evacuation regional characteristics, as well as the information needed for assembly site selection, including emergency information. Evacuation area characteristic information and evacuation requirement information. According to the previous research results, the node of false equipment selection will not be destroyed by disaster, and the capacity and location are known. Each evacuation area is served by only one assembly point, and the evacuees walk to the assembly point according to the shortest path. Taking the shortest walking distance as the main goal, the least number of times of crossing the trunk road as the secondary target, and taking the capacity limit and the maximum walking distance as the constraint conditions, the two-objective optimization model for the location of the assembly point is established. Genetic algorithm is used to solve the model and to find a better solution in the Pareto optimal solution. Secondly, the normal traffic assignment model is analyzed, and it is considered that the allocation of public transport vehicles in the road network should be the optimal state of the system during emergency evacuation. On the basis of this, considering the characteristic of the crowd arriving at the assembly point with time, the evacuation time is divided into several equal periods, and the linear programming model of the evacuation path of the bus is established with the aim of the shortest total distance of the public transport. The original dual interior point method is used to solve the problem, which effectively reduces the number of iterations and improves the efficiency. Finally, taking Beilun District of Ningbo City as an example, assuming that the residents in the area were evacuated before the typhoon disaster, and applying the established model to verify the example, the evacuation scheme of public transport vehicles was formulated, and a series of emergency traffic management measures were put forward. The results show that the model can provide some theoretical basis and technical support for emergency planning of bus evacuation.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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