阶梯路段行人运动行为的社会力模型改进研究

发布时间：2018-11-04 11:10

【摘要】：21世纪以来,全球城市化建设进程明显加快,城市化水平显著提高,城市规模不断扩大,建筑的形式、功能、结构等方面逐渐趋向多元化,居民的出行活动日渐频繁且趋于集中。据不完全统计,全球平均每年有上千人因出行集聚活动中的突发事件而伤生,人群事故不仅造成人员伤亡和经济损失,还对城市建设及社会发展产生不利影响。因此保证行人出行活动的安全逐渐发展为一项社会性课题。行人运动行为是影响人群活动安全的重要因素,其既存在一定的规律性,又具有很大的随机性。实施行人运动相关实验存在一定的难度,危险路段的实验就更不可能进行,因此,通常采用模型方法进行研究。社会力模型是以个体为基础建立的,考虑了行人与环境之间的动态交互,对行人运动现象的描述也更为真加真实可靠,因此,本研究中采用社会力模型对行人的运动特性进行探究。阶梯路段在现代城市中越发普遍,山地城市更是随处可见。阶梯路段本身存在一定的坡度,且由数个台阶组成,行人在阶梯路段上的运动行为较平面运动更为复杂。而阶梯路段又是事故多发地带,是危险路段的重要组成部分,因此,有必要对阶梯路段行人的运动特性进行研究。首先,本文从宏观和微观两个层面对行人的交通特性进行了概述。在实地调研所获得的大量数据的基础上,运用MATLAB和SPSS对数据进行分析处理,从自由速度、宏观参数特性、运动轨迹及期望速度四方面对行人自由运动特性进行了分析。分析了性别、坡度、长度等因素对速度的影响,并建立了阶梯路段“期望速度—坡度—长度”关系模型,丰富和完善了行人交通流理论体系。其次,概述了社会力模型的基本原理,从模型结构及表达式的改进、相对速度的影响、运动的各向异性、需求空间分析、算法优化、参数选取及模型应用等7个方面对已有研究进行系统地回顾。对阶梯路段行人的受力情况进行了分析,在模型中加入了行人重力沿斜面的分力;并考虑台阶对行人运动的影响,对模型的部分参数值及算法进行了优化,建立了适用于阶梯路段的社会力模型。最后,运用MATLAB对初始模型和改进模型进行实例仿真,并从速度与长度关系、速度与坡度关系及运动轨迹三方面对仿真效果与实际情况进行了对比,以此来验证改进模型是否合理。改进的社会力模型能够有效地描述阶梯路段行人的运动现象,可以为行人交通设施的规划和设计提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Since the 21st century, the process of global urbanization has been accelerated, the level of urbanization has increased significantly, the scale of cities has been constantly expanding, and the forms, functions and structures of buildings have gradually tended to be diversified. Residents' travel activities are becoming more and more frequent and tend to be concentrated. According to incomplete statistics, every year on average thousands of people in the world are injured by unexpected events in travel agglomeration. Crowd accidents not only cause casualties and economic losses, but also have adverse effects on urban construction and social development. Therefore, to ensure the safety of pedestrian activities has gradually developed into a social issue. Pedestrian movement is an important factor affecting the safety of crowd activity, which has both regularity and randomness. It is difficult to carry out the experiment of pedestrian movement, and it is not possible to carry out the experiment of dangerous road. Therefore, the model method is usually used to study it. The social force model is based on individual, considering the dynamic interaction between pedestrian and environment, and the description of pedestrian movement is more true and reliable. In this study, the social force model is used to study the movement characteristics of pedestrians. Ladder sections are becoming more and more common in modern cities, and mountain cities are everywhere. There is a certain slope in the step section, and it is composed of several steps. The pedestrian movement on the stepped road is more complex than that on the plane. The step section is an accident prone zone and an important part of the dangerous road. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pedestrian movement characteristics of the stepped road. Firstly, the traffic characteristics of pedestrians are summarized from macro-and micro-level. Based on a large number of data obtained from field investigation, the data are analyzed and processed by MATLAB and SPSS, and the characteristics of pedestrian free motion are analyzed from four aspects: free velocity, macroscopic parameter characteristics, motion track and expected velocity. The influence of gender, slope and length on speed is analyzed, and the model of "expected velocities, slope and length" is established, which enriches and perfects the theoretical system of pedestrian traffic flow. Secondly, the basic principles of the social force model are summarized, including the improvement of the model structure and expression, the influence of relative velocity, the anisotropy of motion, the analysis of demand space, the optimization of algorithm. Seven aspects of parameter selection and model application are reviewed systematically. In this paper, the stress of pedestrian on step road is analyzed, and the partial force of pedestrian gravity along the slope is added to the model. Considering the influence of steps on pedestrian movement, some parameter values and algorithms of the model are optimized, and a social force model suitable for stepped sections is established. Finally, MATLAB is used to simulate the initial model and the improved model, and the simulation results are compared with the actual situation from three aspects: the relationship between velocity and length, the relationship between velocity and slope, and the motion track. This is used to verify whether the improved model is reasonable. The improved social force model can effectively describe the pedestrian movement in stepped sections and provide theoretical basis for the planning and design of pedestrian transport facilities.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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