2008-2015年北京高速公路道面结冰特征分析

发布时间：2018-11-04 14:47

【摘要】：道面结冰是北京地区高速公路交通安全的主要危害因素。利用北京地区2008-2015年28个ROSA交通气象站的结冰数据分析了北京地区高速公路道面结冰的基本特征。结果表明:(1)北京市高速公路道面结冰空间差异显著,不同高速公路结冰特征显著不同,同一高速公路不同路段结冰特征也明显不同,这与高速公路各路段局地气候存在差异有关。(2)道面结冰主要发生在北部和东部高速公路所在路段,以小汤山西桥站、顾家庄桥站、六道口桥站和丁各庄桥站道面结冰灾害最为严重。冬季道面结冰月变化显著,11月和3月,结冰次数较少,结冰持续时间短;12月、1月和2月结冰次数多,结冰持续时间长。(3)持续时间越长的结冰过程结冰次数越少。不同持续时间的结冰过程在各时段的结冰次数和累积结冰时长均存在明显差异,两者在各时刻的演变特征基本相同,峰值均出现在22:00,且在00:00之后呈明显减少趋势。(4)大部分站点慢车道比快车道更容易结冰,少部分站点快、慢车道结冰率近似,有的站点甚至快车道结冰率远高于慢车道。快、慢车道水或覆盖物厚度与交通站点所处位置的局地气象条件密切相关。(5)气温、道面温度和大地温度与水或覆盖物的厚度变化呈反相位,即温度越低,水或覆盖物的厚度越大。这可为北京地区道面结冰预报预警方法的开展提供着眼点和依据。
[Abstract]:Pavement ice is the main hazard factor of expressway traffic safety in Beijing area. Based on the ice data of 28 ROSA traffic meteorological stations in Beijing from 2008 to 2015, the basic characteristics of freeway icing in Beijing are analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) there are significant differences in icing space between different freeways in Beijing, different freeway icing characteristics, and different freeway icing characteristics in different sections of the same expressway. This is related to the difference of the local climate in each section of the expressway. (2) the freezing of the road surface mainly occurs in the northern and eastern sections of the highway, with Xiaotangshan West Bridge Station, Gujiazhuang Bridge Station, Ludaokou Bridge Station and Dinggezhuang Bridge Station icing disaster is the most serious. In winter, the monthly change of road surface ice is remarkable. In November and March, the freezing times are less and the ice duration is short; in December, January and February, the freezing times are more, and the ice lasting time is longer. (3) the longer the ice duration is, the less the freezing times are. There were significant differences in the freezing times and accumulative freezing duration between different durations. The evolution characteristics of the two processes were basically the same at each time, and the peak value appeared at 22: 00. And after 00:00 there was a significant decrease trend. (4) most of the slow lane is more likely to freeze than the fast lane, a few stations are faster, the ice rate of the slow lane is similar, and some stations even the freeway icing rate is much higher than the slow lane. The thickness of water or cover in the fast, slow lane is closely related to the local meteorological conditions at the traffic station. (5) the temperature, the surface temperature and the temperature of the earth are inversely related to the thickness of the water or cover, that is, the lower the temperature, The thicker the water or the cover. This may provide the starting point and the basis for the development of the ice forecast and early warning method of the road surface in Beijing area.
【作者单位】：兰州大学大气科学学院甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室;北京市气象服务中心;成都信息工程大学大气科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(91644226;41575138) 国家基础科技条件平台建设项目(NCMI-SBS17-201607;2016NCMIZX09;NCM I-SJS15-201607) 国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306047;GYHY201106034)资助
【分类号】：U418.41

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