考虑停车约束的瓶颈出行行为分析及收费策略研究

发布时间：2018-11-11 18:26

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的加剧和国民经济的迅速发展,交通拥堵已经成为制约城市可持续发展的重要因素。作为缓解城市交通拥堵问题的有效措施,道路拥挤收费和停车收费的管理在国内外城市交通管理中得到了广泛重视。在此背景下,本论文主要分析了停车约束条件下高峰时段的瓶颈通勤出行行为,分别提出道路拥挤收费和停车收费策略来减少系统总出行成本,为缓解我国城市通勤廊道的交通拥堵提供理论依据。具体来讲,本论文研究工作主要有如下几个方面:首先,论文分析了无收费情形下瓶颈路段晚高峰均衡的通勤出行行为,出行者晚高峰的出行时间选择依赖于早高峰停放车辆的位置,通过停车约束把早晚高峰联系起来,进而分析了出行者综合高峰期的可能出行模式,并推导出各模式的出发率、临界时间点、临界条件、系统总阻抗等。其次,基于无收费情形下出行者综合高峰期的可能出行模式,论文提出了线性差异化的停车收费策略,分析了线性差异化收费策略下的出行行为模式,推导出各种可能出行模式的出发率、临界时间点、临界条件、系统总阻抗等,通过理论分析,得出最优的停车收费方案。最后,论文对比了三种不同收费策略下的出行总阻抗:第一种为停车位置提前预约机制下的出行行为选择;第二种为综合高峰期出行模式中实行时变收费策略的情形,会在一定程度上减少系统总阻抗;第三种策略是通过停车收费和时变收费结合实现系统最优出行模式,最终通过数值算例比较各收费策略的优劣性。论文的相关研究可为交通管理者进行停车收费决策提供一定的理论依据。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid development of national economy, traffic congestion has become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of cities. As an effective measure to alleviate the problem of urban traffic congestion, the management of road congestion charges and parking charges has been widely paid attention to in the domestic and foreign urban traffic management. Under this background, this paper mainly analyzes the bottleneck commuting behavior in the peak period under parking constraints, and proposes the road congestion charge and parking charge strategy to reduce the total travel cost of the system. In order to alleviate the traffic congestion of urban commuting corridors in China, the theoretical basis is provided. Specifically, the research work of this paper has the following aspects: firstly, the paper analyzes the equilibrium commuting behavior of the bottleneck road under the condition of no charge. The travel time of the late rush hour depends on the parking position of the early rush hour, the morning and evening rush hour is connected by parking constraints, and the possible travel mode of the comprehensive peak period is analyzed, and the departure rate of each mode is deduced. Critical time point, critical condition, total impedance of system, etc. Secondly, based on the possible travel mode of the comprehensive peak period of the travelers without charge, this paper proposes a linear differentiated parking pricing strategy, and analyzes the travel behavior model under the linear differential pricing strategy. The departure rate, critical time point, critical condition and total impedance of various possible travel modes are derived. Through theoretical analysis, the optimal parking toll scheme is obtained. Finally, the paper compares the total travel impedance under three different charging strategies: the first is the travel behavior choice under the advance reservation mechanism of parking location; The second is the implementation of time-varying charging strategy in the comprehensive peak travel mode, which will reduce the total impedance of the system to a certain extent. The third strategy is to realize the optimal travel mode through the combination of parking fees and time-varying charges. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of each charging strategy are compared by numerical examples. The related research in this paper can provide a certain theoretical basis for traffic managers to make parking pricing decisions.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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