神华煤直接液化残渣的萃取组分及模型化合物改性石油沥青

发布时间：2018-11-14 17:19

【摘要】：随着交通量越来越大,人们对沥青路面的要求越来越高,由于改性沥青性能优越,所以在全球广泛应用。煤直接液化残渣(DCLR)是煤液化工艺产生的副产物,它与特立尼达湖沥青(TLA)的物质组成、性质类似,用于改性沥青时的量小于TLA。将DCLR用作沥青改性剂,既可以使液化残渣得到充分利用,又解决了它带来的环境问题。本文将DCLR进行梯级萃取制得重油(HS)、沥青烯(A)、前沥青烯(PA)三种改性剂,加入到石油沥青中,检测得到改性沥青的性能。得出结论:当HS的量为1%、A的量为4%时改性沥青性能符合美国ASTM D5710-95 40-55的标准,加入PA时,改性沥青的三大指标不能同时符合标准。另外,本论文还选择了模型化合物正十二烷、正二十烷、萘、芘作沥青改性剂,得到的改性沥青性能都随改性剂的增多针入度、延度先减后增,软化点先增后减。DCLR和改性沥青的一些性质用热重分析仪(TG)、TG-FTIR、FTIR和荧光显微镜进行了测定分析。七种改性沥青与石油沥青的热失重和失重速率曲线趋势相同,改性沥青的失重率和石油沥青相比有减小的趋势,但相差不大。所有的沥青热解气体的红外谱图中,在3500-4000cm-1有吸收峰,证明热解气中有H2O产生;在3015 cm-1是甲烷的振动峰;2290-2400cm-1是CO2振动吸收峰,CO2的峰强度,改性后的沥青均大于石油沥青;1374 cm-1有峰出现,是S=O振动吸收峰,说明气体中有SO2;650-900 cm-1是苯环取代基吸收振动峰,沥青热解后的产物主要是芳香烃、醇类、酚类的混合物。加入正十二烷、正二十烷的改性沥青热解后产生气体在红外图中2290-2400cm-1表示CO2的峰强度比萘、芘改性沥青的要大。这七种改性沥青荧光物质都比石油沥青的多,加入改性剂后沥青中偏油性的芳香分会增多,导致荧光增多,沥青老化后DCLR萃取组分改性沥青发光物质还是以点状存在,模型化合物的改性沥青则是以短小的棒状结构显现。本文中所有的改性沥青,通过红外检测并没有新的官能团出现,推测改性剂与石油沥青只是物理混合并没有发生化学反应。
[Abstract]:With the increasing traffic volume, the requirements of asphalt pavement are becoming higher and higher. Because of the excellent performance of modified asphalt, it is widely used in the world. Direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) is a by-product of coal liquefaction process. It is similar to Trinidad Lake bitumen (TLA) in material composition and properties. The quantity of modified bitumen is smaller than that of TLA.. Using DCLR as asphalt modifier can not only make full use of liquefied residue, but also solve the environmental problems caused by it. In this paper, (HS), asphaltene (A), pre-asphaltene (PA) was prepared by step extraction of DCLR, and the performance of modified asphaltene was detected by adding three modifiers to petroleum asphalt. It is concluded that when the amount of HS is 4, the performance of modified asphalt conforms to the standard of ASTM D5710-95 40-55 of the United States. When PA is added, the three indexes of modified asphalt can not meet the standard at the same time. In addition, the model compounds of n-dodecane, n-eicosane, naphthalene and pyrene were selected as asphalt modifiers. The properties of modified asphalt were increased with the increase of modifier, and the ductility decreased first and then increased. Some properties of DCLR and modified asphalt were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), TG-FTIR,FTIR) and fluorescence microscope. The trend of thermogravimetric loss and weight loss rate curve of seven modified asphalt and petroleum asphalt is the same, and the weight loss rate of modified asphalt is smaller than that of petroleum asphalt, but the difference is not significant. In the infrared spectra of all bitumen pyrolytic gases, there are absorption peaks in 3500-4000cm-1, which proves that H2O is produced in pyrolytic gases, and methane vibrates at 3015 cm-1. 2290-2400cm-1 is the vibrational absorption peak of CO2, the peak strength of CO2 and the modified asphalt are higher than that of petroleum asphalt, and the peak of 1374 cm-1 is the vibrational absorption peak of CO2, indicating that there is SO2; in the gas. 650-900 cm-1 is the absorption vibrational peak of benzene ring substituents. The pyrolysis products of bitumen are mainly aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and phenols. After pyrolysis of modified asphalt with n-dodecane and n-eicosane, 2290-2400cm-1 indicates that the peak strength of CO2 is higher than that of naphthalene and pyrene modified asphalt. These seven kinds of modified bitumen have more fluorescent substances than petroleum asphalt. After adding modifier, the aromaticity of partial oil in asphalt increases, which leads to the increase of fluorescence. After asphalt aging, the luminescent substances of modified asphalt extracted by DCLR are still in the form of dots. The modified asphalt of the model compound is shown as a short rod structure. In this paper, there are no new functional groups in the modified asphalt by infrared detection. It is speculated that the modifier and petroleum asphalt are only mixed physically and there is no chemical reaction.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U414

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