集成GPS数据的公交时空可达性度量及应用

发布时间：2018-11-20 11:01

【摘要】：公交时空可达性反映了个体在公交系统中将时间转化为空间的能力,能够评价个体在公交网络中的时空约束。度量公交时空可达性能够用于评价公交网络的服务水平和指导乘客的出行规划,对辅助公交网络规划以及公交运营调度具有重要意义。已有的度量个体时空可达性的方法都是基于一般性路网进行的研究,由于忽视了公交系统的特征,如公交站间行程时间的时变性,公交出行者可容忍的换乘次数以及步行时间等,因此,并不适用于公交时空可达性的度量。本文针对公交时空可达性的度量方法进行研究。首先,受道路交通状况的影响,公交站间行程时间是随时间变化的,公交网络具有时变特征。为了建立动态的公交网络模型,本文根据公交车载GPS数据提取公交站间行程时间,并将其作为公交网络拓扑结构中弧段的权重,为公交网络建立时变加权有向图。其次,考虑到已有的度量时空可达性的算法在度量公交时空可达性上的局限性,本文基于公交网络的时变加权有向图模型,将考虑换乘约束的站间最短行程时间算法以及公交出行者的步行时间集成到经典的潜在路径区域算法中以对公交时空可达性进行度量。再次,以本文提出的方法作为理论支撑,在GIS平台下建立一个基于网络的公交时空可达性度量原型系统,该系统不仅能够为公交出行者提供公交站点、线路等信息的查询,还能够以清晰、直观的方式展示其在公交网络中所受到的时空约束。最后,将本文提出的方法应用于哈尔滨市的公交网络。研究结果表明该方法能够有效地度量以发车频率运营的公交系统的时空可达性,并且也适用于以时刻表运营的公交系统,特别是对于那些由于交通拥堵导致延误频繁发生的公交系统;此外,该方法度量的公交时空可达性更符合实际,能够揭示公交时空可达性在一天中不同出发时间、不同出行日期以及不同季节下的时间维度上的变化。
[Abstract]:The space-time reachability of public transport reflects the ability of individual to transform time into space in public transportation system, and can evaluate the spatio-temporal constraints of individual in transit network. The measurement of space-time reachability of public transport can be used to evaluate the service level of public transport network and guide passengers' travel planning. It is of great significance to auxiliary bus network planning and bus operation scheduling. The existing methods to measure the spatial and temporal accessibility of individuals are based on the research of general road network, because of ignoring the characteristics of public transport system, such as the time-varying of travel time between bus stations. Bus travelers can tolerate the number of times of transfer and walking time and so on, so it is not suitable for the measurement of space-time reachability of public transport. In this paper, the measurement method of public transport's time-space reachability is studied. Firstly, due to the influence of road traffic conditions, the travel time between bus stations varies with time, and the bus network has time-varying characteristics. In order to establish a dynamic bus network model, this paper extracts the travel time between bus stations according to the bus GPS data, and takes it as the weight of the arc segment in the topological structure of the public transport network, and establishes time-varying weighted digraph for the bus network. Secondly, considering the limitations of the existing algorithms to measure the space-time reachability of public transport, this paper based on the time-varying weighted directed graph model of public transport network. The shortest travel time algorithm considering transfer constraints and the walking time of public transport travelers are integrated into the classical potential path region algorithm to measure the space-time reachability of public transport. Thirdly, taking the method proposed in this paper as the theoretical support, a web-based prototype system of space-time reachability measurement of public transport based on GIS platform is established. The system can not only provide public transport passengers with information query, such as bus stops, routes, etc. It can also show the temporal and spatial constraints in the public transport network in a clear and intuitive way. Finally, the method proposed in this paper is applied to the public transport network of Harbin. The results show that this method can effectively measure the space-time reachability of the bus system operating at the departure frequency, and it is also applicable to the bus system operating on the timetable. Especially for those bus systems where delays occur frequently due to traffic congestion; In addition, the spatio-temporal reachability of public transport measured by this method is more realistic, and it can reveal the change of space-time reachability of public transport in different departure time, different travel date and time dimension under different seasons.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.17

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