基于模糊理论的道路交通标志设置效果评价研究
发布时间：2018-11-23 21:12
【摘要】：随着国民经济的快速增长、机动车保有量的逐年增加,我国道路交通建设也在不断完善,但社会经济活动的增加和居民出行量、出行范围的日益扩大对我国公路交通设施的服务功能要求也越来越高,与此同时,道路交通管理方面的不足逐步显现出来。作为道路交通管理的硬件设施,道路交通标志的服务水平明显滞后。而在实际设计和建设的过程中,道路交通标志的设置存在着标准和规范应用不当、指路信息选用和发布不当,以及警告、禁令、指示标志设置位置选择不当等诸多问题;在理论层面,道路交通标志特别是指路标志的设计因其缺乏科学的理论支撑体系而经常被称为是经验设计,这严重制约了我国道路交通标志的标准化水平以及设计水平的前进。目前,以人为本已经写入我国宪法,党的十七大报告的相关内容也要求道路交通基础设施能够更符合保障民生的要求,为人们提供更安全的交通服务。道路交通标志作为向道路使用者传递交通信息、发布交通管理措施的设施,对规范驾驶员驾驶行为、避免不安全行驶具有重要的作用。研究表明,对道路交通标志、标线的改善是道路交通安全改善措施中投资最小、收益最好的手段之一,在此之前,采用科学有效的方法对道路交通标志进行合理的评价便于有针对性地改善道路交通标志的服务水平,从而提高道路交通的安全服务水平,通过改善道路交通设施来降低道路交通事故的发生率。论文遵循现有的评价指标选取原则以及《道路交通标志和标线(GB5768-2009)》和《公路交通标志和标线设置规范(JTG D82-2009)》等相关规定,在对评价指标进行充分研究总结的基础上,建立了道路交通标志设置效果评价指标体系。指标体系包含主观和客观两个层面,主客观指标均根据信息的内容和保障信息提供的能力分为指路和旅游区标志信息选用、管理类标志信息选用、标志版面视认性及标志设置情况四个方面的内容。在主观评价方面,论文根据指标的内容设计了驾驶员调查问卷,通过问卷调查的方式采集评价数据;在客观评价方面,论文查阅了相关资料,给出了每个指标的计算公式,通过数学运算的方式采集评价数据。根据指标及待评价问题的特点选取了模糊评价法来评价道路交通标志的设置效果。在对模糊评价理论进行探讨之后,应用模糊综合评价法建立了道路交通标志设置效果综合评价模型。最后,论文以云贵川渝山区道路交通为例,运用前文建立的道路交通标志设置效果综合评价模型,对云贵川渝山区道路交通标志的设置效果进行了综合评价,证明了本文所提出的理论与数学模型的科学性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of the national economy and the increase of the number of motor vehicles, the road traffic construction in our country is improving, but with the increase of social and economic activities and the amount of residents travelling, With the increasing expansion of travel scope, the service function of highway transportation facilities in China is increasingly demanding, at the same time, the deficiencies in road traffic management gradually appear. As the hardware of road traffic management, the service level of road traffic signs lags behind obviously. In the course of actual design and construction, there are many problems in setting up road traffic signs, such as improper application of standards and norms, improper selection and publication of road guidance information, and improper selection of warning, prohibition, location of indication signs, and so on. At the theoretical level, the design of road traffic signs, especially road signs, is often called empirical design because of its lack of scientific theoretical support system, which seriously restricts the standardization level of road traffic signs and the progress of design level in our country. At present, people-oriented has been written into the Constitution of our country, and the relevant contents of the report of the 17th National Congress of the Party also require that the road traffic infrastructure can meet the requirements of protecting people's livelihood and provide more safe transportation services for people. Road traffic signs, as a facility for transmitting traffic information to road users and issuing traffic management measures, play an important role in standardizing drivers' driving behavior and avoiding unsafe driving. The study shows that the improvement of road traffic signs is one of the least invested and the best way to improve road traffic safety. It is convenient to improve the service level of road traffic signs by using scientific and effective methods to evaluate the road traffic signs reasonably, so as to improve the safety service level of road traffic. Reduce the incidence of road traffic accidents by improving road traffic facilities. The paper follows the existing evaluation index selection principle and the relevant regulations such as "Road Traffic signs and marking (GB5768-2009)" and "Road Traffic signs and marking Standard" (JTG D82-2009), etc. On the basis of studying and summarizing the evaluation index, the evaluation index system of road traffic sign setting effect is established. The index system includes two levels: subjective and objective. According to the content of information and the ability to provide information, the subjective and objective indicators can be divided into the selection of guide information and the selection of tourist area sign information, and the selection of management type sign information. Logo layout recognition and logo setting four aspects of the content. In the aspect of subjective evaluation, the paper designs the driver's questionnaire according to the content of the index, and collects the evaluation data by the way of questionnaire. In the aspect of objective evaluation, the paper looks up the relevant data, gives the calculation formula of each index, and collects the evaluation data by the way of mathematical operation. According to the indexes and the characteristics of the problems to be evaluated, the fuzzy evaluation method is selected to evaluate the setting effect of road traffic signs. After the discussion of fuzzy evaluation theory, a comprehensive evaluation model of road traffic sign setting effect is established by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Finally, taking the road traffic in Yungui, Sichuan and Chongqing mountain areas as an example, using the comprehensive evaluation model of the effect of setting up road traffic signs, the paper makes a comprehensive evaluation of the setting effect of road traffic signs in Yungui, Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous areas. The theory and mathematical model proposed in this paper are proved to be scientific.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.52
本文编号：2352722
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of the national economy and the increase of the number of motor vehicles, the road traffic construction in our country is improving, but with the increase of social and economic activities and the amount of residents travelling, With the increasing expansion of travel scope, the service function of highway transportation facilities in China is increasingly demanding, at the same time, the deficiencies in road traffic management gradually appear. As the hardware of road traffic management, the service level of road traffic signs lags behind obviously. In the course of actual design and construction, there are many problems in setting up road traffic signs, such as improper application of standards and norms, improper selection and publication of road guidance information, and improper selection of warning, prohibition, location of indication signs, and so on. At the theoretical level, the design of road traffic signs, especially road signs, is often called empirical design because of its lack of scientific theoretical support system, which seriously restricts the standardization level of road traffic signs and the progress of design level in our country. At present, people-oriented has been written into the Constitution of our country, and the relevant contents of the report of the 17th National Congress of the Party also require that the road traffic infrastructure can meet the requirements of protecting people's livelihood and provide more safe transportation services for people. Road traffic signs, as a facility for transmitting traffic information to road users and issuing traffic management measures, play an important role in standardizing drivers' driving behavior and avoiding unsafe driving. The study shows that the improvement of road traffic signs is one of the least invested and the best way to improve road traffic safety. It is convenient to improve the service level of road traffic signs by using scientific and effective methods to evaluate the road traffic signs reasonably, so as to improve the safety service level of road traffic. Reduce the incidence of road traffic accidents by improving road traffic facilities. The paper follows the existing evaluation index selection principle and the relevant regulations such as "Road Traffic signs and marking (GB5768-2009)" and "Road Traffic signs and marking Standard" (JTG D82-2009), etc. On the basis of studying and summarizing the evaluation index, the evaluation index system of road traffic sign setting effect is established. The index system includes two levels: subjective and objective. According to the content of information and the ability to provide information, the subjective and objective indicators can be divided into the selection of guide information and the selection of tourist area sign information, and the selection of management type sign information. Logo layout recognition and logo setting four aspects of the content. In the aspect of subjective evaluation, the paper designs the driver's questionnaire according to the content of the index, and collects the evaluation data by the way of questionnaire. In the aspect of objective evaluation, the paper looks up the relevant data, gives the calculation formula of each index, and collects the evaluation data by the way of mathematical operation. According to the indexes and the characteristics of the problems to be evaluated, the fuzzy evaluation method is selected to evaluate the setting effect of road traffic signs. After the discussion of fuzzy evaluation theory, a comprehensive evaluation model of road traffic sign setting effect is established by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Finally, taking the road traffic in Yungui, Sichuan and Chongqing mountain areas as an example, using the comprehensive evaluation model of the effect of setting up road traffic signs, the paper makes a comprehensive evaluation of the setting effect of road traffic signs in Yungui, Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous areas. The theory and mathematical model proposed in this paper are proved to be scientific.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.52
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