复式航道条件下的港口船舶调度优化

发布时间：2018-11-27 18:30

【摘要】：随着国际贸易地不断发展、集装箱标准化和船舶吨位的不断变化等因素,促使着国际贸易的不断增长。随着船舶吨位和船型尺度的增长,能够靠泊服务这类船舶的干线港口越来越少。而航道作为这些干线港口最重要的纽带,航道通过能力制约整个港口效率提升的效应越来越明显。随着航道不断的疏浚和建设,原有的人工干预、人工管理及人工决策已经不能满足日益增加的船舶交通量的需要。本文以天津港复式航道为例,研究复式航道水域的船舶交通组织的优化方法,主要研究工作如下:1.分析天津港复式航道水域的船舶交通组织规则,确定复式航道船舶组织的关键点。通过对天津港复式航道船舶交通组织规则的分析明确了复式航道的运行流程和要求,明确了船舶属性、Y字型航道口交通避让协调机理以及船舶在复式航道口 29号灯浮附近的大小船分流的标准、在39号灯浮附近船舶根据去向的目的地不同等大小船合流的原则,结合天津港船舶交通服务中心(Vessel Traffic Service,VTS)对于复式航道运行的流程归纳出复式航道条件下港口船舶调度的机理为船舶调度建模与算法设计服务。2.建立复式航道水域船舶调度优化数学模型。从港口调度实际出发,建立了总调度时间最小和总等待时间最小的调度优化目标函数。将营运船舶按照船型、船船长和船宽对船舶需要采取主航道或小船航道进出复式航道水域进行划分;在划分等级的基础上,根据船舶进出港方向和停靠的泊位对进出港的船舶进行编号;考虑到对于超大型船舶(A类船舶)进港的特殊要求,对于这类船舶优先调度同时兼顾兼顾船舶吃水和潮高的限制,设计了大船优先调度调度的约束;考虑到船舶在港作业的连续性,当船舶航行在29号灯浮、39号灯浮、Y字航道口这些交通流汇聚和冲突的地点,建立连续性约束;对船舶在复式航道中的39号灯浮、Y字航道交叉口的汇聚分析,建立了疏解船舶交叉的约束。同时,考虑到船舶在港航行的连续性,船舶进出港的速度时一个逐渐减速/加速的过程,而由于船型不同以及船舶载态的变化导致船舶在港的速度是一个不确定的变量,设计了基于分组排序的船舶动态数据挖掘和筛选算法,将属于同一吨位和同种类型的船舶动态数据筛选出来,采用统计的方法对这些数据进行统计,得到了不同吨位和不同类型出船舶在进出天津港复式航道时的速度变化规律,建立不同船型和吨位等级的船舶进出复式航道的速度变化模型,该模型用于船舶在交叉会遇区域的船舶实时速度计算,减少了以往依靠船舶平均速度来表示船舶速度的变化的缺陷。3.设计了复式航道水域船舶调度优化的多目标遗传算法(CWSGA)。针对复式航道船舶调度问题的多约束、多目标和多过程的特点,设计了复式航道条件下的船舶调度多目标遗传算法。算法设计了适合复式航道调度的染色体四层编码和解码方法,考虑到船舶等待时间的极限,加入了等待时间阈值的适应度评价函数,基于序值和拥挤距离的选择算法、单点交叉算法和变异算法进行遗传操作。4.验证复式航道中的港口船舶调度优化的模型与算法的有效性和合理性。根据天津VTS船舶交通信息服务平台得到船舶调度数据,首先对设计的算法进行性能测试,先到先服务的规则和随机生成算法两种标准算法作为参照标准,结果表明CWSGA算法的性能优于标准算法,且当调度船舶在30-40艘次之间算法寻优的能力最优异。根据2015年3月11日进出天津港的实际数据结合仿真数据,对算法进行了验证,验证结果表明,相比传统的调度方式,使用CWSGA能够提高船舶在复式航道的调度效率。
[Abstract]:With the development of the international trade, the standardization of the container and the changing of the ship's tonnage, the continuous increase of international trade is driven. With the increase of the tonnage of the ship and the scale of the ship, there are fewer and less main ports of the vessel that can be used for berthing. The channel, as the most important link in these main ports, is becoming more and more obvious by the ability of the channel to restrict the efficiency of the whole port. With the continuous dredging and construction of the channel, the original manual intervention, manual management and artificial decision have not satisfied the increasing demand of ship traffic volume. In this paper, the optimization method of the ship traffic organization in the multi-channel water area is studied with the port of Tianjin port as an example, and the main research work is as follows: 1. The paper analyzes the rules of the ship traffic organization in the water area of the compound channel in Tianjin Port, and determines the key point of the multi-channel ship's organization. Through the analysis of the traffic organization rules of the multi-channel ship in Tianjin Port, the operation process and requirements of the compound channel are clarified, the ship attribute, the traffic avoidance coordination mechanism of the Y-type channel port, and the standard of the ship's large-boat shunting in the vicinity of the double-channel port 29 are clarified, On the basis of the principle of merging large small boats, such as the destination of the destination, the ship near the No. 39 lamp is combined with the Vessel Traffic Service Center of Tianjin Port (Vessel Traffic Service, The mechanism of the ship scheduling of the port under the condition of the compound channel is the ship scheduling modeling and the algorithm design service. To set up a mathematical model for the optimization of ship scheduling in multi-channel water area. The scheduling optimization objective function with the minimum total scheduling time and the minimum total waiting time is established from the port scheduling. according to the ship type, the captain and the ship width of the ship, the ship needs to adopt a main channel or a small boat channel to enter and exit the water area of the compound channel; and on the basis of the division level, the ship entering the port is numbered according to the port direction of the ship and the berth of the ship; In view of the special requirements for the entry port of the super-large ship (Class A ship), the restriction of the priority scheduling of the large ship is designed for the priority scheduling of the ship, taking into account the restriction of the ship draft and the high tide, and taking into account the continuity of the ship in the port operation, When the ship is sailing on the No. 29, the No. 39 lamp is floated and the Y-word channel is the place where the traffic flow is converged and the collision, and the continuity constraint is established; the convergence and analysis of the No. 39 lamp in the compound channel and the intersection of the Y-word channel are analyzed, and the constraint on the crossing of the ship is established. At the same time, taking into account the continuity of the ship in the port, the speed of the ship entering the port is a gradual reduction/ acceleration process, and the speed of the ship at the port is an uncertain variable due to the different ship types and the change of the load state of the ship, the dynamic data mining and screening algorithm of the ship based on the grouping ordering is designed, the dynamic data of the ship belonging to the same tonnage and the same type are screened out, the invention obtains the change rule of the speed of a ship with different tonnage and different types when entering and leaving the compound channel of the Tianjin port, and establishes a speed change model of the ship entering and leaving the compound channel of different ship types and tonnage grades, the defect that the speed of the ship can be represented by the average speed of the ship in the past is reduced. A multi-objective genetic algorithm (CWSGA) is designed for ship scheduling optimization in multiple channel waters. The multi-objective and multi-objective genetic algorithm for ship scheduling under complex channel conditions is designed for the multi-constraint, multi-objective and multi-process characteristics of the multi-channel ship scheduling problem. A four-layer coding and decoding method suitable for multi-channel scheduling is designed, considering the limit of the waiting time of the ship, the fitness evaluation function of the waiting time threshold, the selection algorithm based on the order value and the congestion distance are added, A single-point crossover algorithm and a mutation algorithm are used for genetic manipulation. To verify the validity and rationality of the model and algorithm of port ship scheduling optimization in the compound channel. according to the traffic information service platform of the Tianjin VTS ship, the ship scheduling data is obtained, the performance test is carried out on the designed algorithm, and the two standard algorithms of the first service and the random generation algorithm are used as reference standards, the results show that the performance of the CWSGA algorithm is superior to the standard algorithm, and the ability of the scheduling ship to optimize the algorithm between 30 and 40 times is the most excellent. According to the actual data in and out of Tianjin port on March 11, 2015, the algorithm is validated, and the results show that using CWSGA can improve the dispatching efficiency of the ship in the compound channel compared with the traditional dispatching mode.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U691.3

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