基于遗传算法的山区高等级公路纵断面智能优化方法研究

发布时间：2018-12-14 06:32

【摘要】：公路线形设计旨在以安全、环保、经济为基础,同时满足全部设计规范和相关指标要求,是公路设计的重要组成部分。线形的设计方法由传统的纸上定线到此后的虚拟环境选线、公路选线CAD技术等,研究思路也逐步转向计算机辅助与人工智能领域,尤其是遗传算法、粒子群算法、蚁群算法等众多智能优化算法的引入与不断深入,大力推进了智能选线的发展且取得了里程碑式的巨大进步,为后续的研究奠定了坚实的科研基础,意义重大。然而,目前的公路线形设计大多依然基于相应的AutoCAD辅助系统,虽然相较于传统方法减少了繁琐的计算工作,但也存在信息显示不够直观、难以获得深入信息从而较难保证结果方案最优的问题且设计效率与质量有待提高。在此基础上,基于“一带一路”的国家战略发展需要及国内广大山岭区域发展需求的大背景,在合理考虑山区高等级公路建设需求的前提下,能够较为全面地兼顾各类复杂影响因素,同时最低程度地影响生态环境且满足国民生产与生活中对交通安全、运输高效、行车舒适等方面需求的山区高等级公路纵断面智能优化设计方法成为了当下公路选线领域的研究热点。论文基于遗传算法的现有研究基础,结合国内山区高等级公路线形设计专家经验,提出了基于遗传算法的山区高等级公路纵断面智能优化方法。该方法相较于传统纵断面设计的研究引入并分析、考虑了平均坡度、缓和坡段等具有山区选线的重要约束,能够更好地解决国内山区地形条件下的纵断面设计问题,论文完成了以下几项工作：(1)研究并介绍了山区地形条件下高等级公路选线的基本原则和纵断面线形设计的研究思路以及相关参数的选择。(2)构建了基于遗传算法的山区高等级公路纵断面智能优化系统的总体框架,梳理了研究思路并对其进行了功能定位、方法探讨以及特点分析,确定了优化的主要流程。(3)基于我国山区特点以及高等级公路设计相关要求,分析并适当调整研究思路旨在更贴近工程实际,以工程量、运营、交通安全和环境影响等方面为目标展开讨论并建立较为客观的评价机制,构建了专门针对山区地形条件的高等级公路纵断面智能优化模型。(4)介绍、分析、总结了遗传算法的基本原理及各类方法特点,结合课题实际对编码方法、遗传算子、终止准则等进行了调整与改进以满足高质、高效的优化要求。(5)基于Microsoft Visual Studio运用C#语言开发了山区高等级公路纵断面智能优化系统。以荆州市某山岭二级公路实际项目资料为基础进行对比分析,验证了优化结果不亚于人工设计方案,且缩短了设计周期,提升了设计效率,具有一定应用研究价值。
[Abstract]:Highway alignment design is an important part of highway design, which is based on safety, environmental protection and economy, and meets the requirements of all design specifications and related indexes. The method of linear design from traditional paper alignment to virtual environment route selection, highway route selection CAD technology and so on, also gradually turned to the fields of computer aided and artificial intelligence, especially genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, etc. The introduction and deepening of many intelligent optimization algorithms, such as ant colony algorithm, has greatly promoted the development of intelligent route selection and made great progress in milestone, which has laid a solid foundation for further research and is of great significance. However, most of the current highway alignment design is still based on the corresponding AutoCAD auxiliary system, although compared with the traditional method to reduce the tedious calculation work, but there is not enough information display intuitive, It is difficult to obtain in-depth information so as to ensure the optimal result scheme and the design efficiency and quality need to be improved. On this basis, on the basis of the national strategic development needs of "Belt and Road" and the background of the development needs of the vast mountain regions in China, and on the premise of reasonably considering the demand for the construction of high-grade highways in mountainous areas, To be able to take into account all kinds of complex influence factors, at the same time, to influence the ecological environment to the lowest extent and to meet the needs of traffic safety and transportation efficiency in national production and daily life, The intelligent optimization design method of vertical section of high grade highway in mountainous area has become the research hotspot in the field of highway route selection. Based on the existing research foundation of genetic algorithm and the experience of the domestic experts of highway alignment design in mountainous area, a genetic algorithm based intelligent optimization method for vertical section of high grade highway in mountainous area is put forward in this paper. Compared with the traditional research on vertical section design, this method is introduced and analyzed, which takes into account the important constraints of line selection in mountainous areas, such as average slope gradient and gentle slope section, which can better solve the problem of vertical section design under the condition of mountainous terrain in China. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the basic principles of high grade highway route selection under terrain conditions in mountainous areas, the research ideas of longitudinal section alignment design and the selection of related parameters are studied and introduced. (2) the foundation is constructed. The general framework of intelligent optimization system of vertical section of mountain highway based on genetic algorithm, The main flow of optimization is determined. (3) based on the characteristics of China's mountainous areas and the related requirements of highway design, the paper analyzes the function of the research, discusses the methods and features of the research, and determines the main process of optimization. (3) based on the characteristics of China's mountainous areas and the related requirements of high-grade highway design, The purpose of this paper is to analyze and adjust the research ideas more closely to the engineering practice, to discuss the project quantity, operation, traffic safety and environmental impact, and to establish an objective evaluation mechanism. The intelligent optimization model of vertical section of high grade highway is built according to the terrain condition of mountain area. (4) introduce, analyze, sum up the basic principle of genetic algorithm and the characteristics of all kinds of methods, combine with the actual project to code method, genetic operator, The termination criteria are adjusted and improved to meet the requirements of high quality and high efficiency optimization. (5) based on Microsoft Visual Studio, an intelligent optimization system for vertical section of high grade highway in mountainous area is developed by using C # language. Based on the actual project data of a mountain second-class highway in Jingzhou City, it is verified that the optimization result is no less than that of the manual design scheme, and the design cycle is shortened, the design efficiency is improved, and it has certain application and research value.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U412;TP18

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