车辆噪声多普勒效应与声屏障优化方法研究
发布时间：2018-12-17 00:20
【摘要】：当前,道路交通噪声给沿线居民的生活带来了严重的影响,在道路旁建造声屏障是控制交通噪声的主要措施,但声屏障较高的建设成本制约了其大面积应用。另外,车辆行驶噪声具有多普勒效应,使声屏障的声学设计变得更为复杂。为使声屏障参数设计更合理,降低声屏障建设成本,有必要对车辆行驶噪声多普勒效应及声屏障优化方法做进一步研究。根据多普勒效应原理和声学理论研究了车辆行驶噪声多普勒效应对受声点声压级的影响。通过研究多普勒频移与车辆行驶参数的关系,建立了多普勒效应车辆行驶噪声模型,基于该模型分析车辆噪声多普勒效应对受声点声压级的影响因素。研究表明:多普勒频移引起的A计权频率响应和受声点声压级的变化,是导致车辆迎面驶来和背离驶去时受声点声压级差异的主要因素;车速越高,多普勒效应对受声点声压级的影响越明显,经计算,轻型车以120 km/h迎面驶来比背离驶去时受声点声压级高2.3 dB(A),重型车以70 km/h驶来比驶去时受声点声压级高1.5 dB(A)。研究了基于车辆噪声多普勒效应的声屏障优化设计方法。通过考虑交通车流的有效长度,以及把昼、夜间交通噪声源视为线声源和点声源分别进行计算,使交通噪声预测模型更符合实际交通状况;以声屏障的建造位置、声屏障的高度和车辆驶来端和驶去端声屏障的延伸长度为设计变量,以声屏障建设成本为目标函数,以声屏障几何参数和受声区域噪声指标为约束条件,进行基于车辆噪声多普勒效应的声屏障优化设计。研究表明:相比声屏障设计规范中的传统方法,采用该优化方法进行设计可使声屏障建造成本降低5.13%。利用声学仿真软件Raynoise对基于车辆噪声多普勒效应的声屏障优化设计方法进行验证。通过软件模拟交通车流、车辆噪声多普勒效应、声屏障及其他声环境建立声学仿真模型,计算仿真环境下声屏障的降噪效果,对声屏障优化设计方法进行验证。仿真结果显示,采用该优化方法进行声屏障声学设计,受声区域昼、夜间等效声压级及峰值噪声均能满足声环境质量标准。通过Raynoise对声屏障降噪问题的仿真,可为研究声屏障优化设计控制交通噪声提供参考。
[Abstract]:At present, the road traffic noise has brought serious influence to the life of the residents along the road. The construction of the noise barrier beside the road is the main measure to control the traffic noise, but the high construction cost of the noise barrier restricts its wide application. In addition, vehicle driving noise has Doppler effect, which makes acoustic design of noise barrier more complicated. In order to make the design of sound barrier parameters more reasonable and reduce the construction cost of noise barrier, it is necessary to further study the Doppler effect of vehicle driving noise and the optimization method of sound barrier. According to the principle of Doppler effect and acoustic theory, the influence of Doppler effect of vehicle driving noise on the sound pressure level at the sound point is studied. Based on the study of the relationship between Doppler frequency shift and vehicle driving parameters, the vehicle driving noise model with Doppler effect is established. Based on the model, the influence factors of vehicle noise Doppler effect on the sound pressure level at the sound point are analyzed. The results show that the variation of A weighted frequency response and sound pressure level caused by Doppler frequency shift is the main factor leading to the difference of sound pressure level between the sound points when the vehicle is heading in front of the vehicle and moving away from the sound point. The higher the speed, the more obvious the effect of Doppler effect on the sound pressure level at the sound point. It is calculated that the light vehicle will come and go at 120 km/h, 2.3 dB (A), higher than the sound pressure level at the point of departure. Heavy vehicles drive back and forth at 70 km/h, 1.5 dB (A). Higher than the sound pressure level at the point of sound when driving away The optimal design method of noise barrier based on Doppler effect of vehicle noise is studied. By considering the effective length of traffic flow and considering the day and night traffic noise source as the line sound source and the point sound source, the traffic noise prediction model is more in line with the actual traffic situation. Taking the construction position of sound barrier, the height of sound barrier and the extension length of sound barrier at and off the end of vehicle as design variables, taking the construction cost of sound barrier as objective function, the geometric parameters of sound barrier and the noise index of sound region are taken as constraint conditions. The optimal design of noise barrier based on Doppler effect of vehicle noise is carried out. The research shows that compared with the traditional method in the design code of the noise barrier, the design cost of the sound barrier can be reduced by 5.13g by using the optimization method. The acoustic simulation software Raynoise is used to validate the optimal design method of noise barrier based on the Doppler effect of vehicle noise. The acoustic simulation model is established by simulating the traffic flow, the Doppler effect of vehicle noise, the noise barrier and other sound environments. The noise reduction effect of the noise barrier in the simulation environment is calculated, and the optimization design method of the noise barrier is verified. The simulation results show that the acoustic design of acoustic barrier using this optimization method can meet the sound environmental quality standards in the daytime, nocturnal equivalent sound pressure level and peak noise. The simulation of noise reduction of noise barrier by Raynoise can provide a reference for studying the optimal design of noise barrier and controlling traffic noise.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.91;U417
本文编号：2383305
[Abstract]:At present, the road traffic noise has brought serious influence to the life of the residents along the road. The construction of the noise barrier beside the road is the main measure to control the traffic noise, but the high construction cost of the noise barrier restricts its wide application. In addition, vehicle driving noise has Doppler effect, which makes acoustic design of noise barrier more complicated. In order to make the design of sound barrier parameters more reasonable and reduce the construction cost of noise barrier, it is necessary to further study the Doppler effect of vehicle driving noise and the optimization method of sound barrier. According to the principle of Doppler effect and acoustic theory, the influence of Doppler effect of vehicle driving noise on the sound pressure level at the sound point is studied. Based on the study of the relationship between Doppler frequency shift and vehicle driving parameters, the vehicle driving noise model with Doppler effect is established. Based on the model, the influence factors of vehicle noise Doppler effect on the sound pressure level at the sound point are analyzed. The results show that the variation of A weighted frequency response and sound pressure level caused by Doppler frequency shift is the main factor leading to the difference of sound pressure level between the sound points when the vehicle is heading in front of the vehicle and moving away from the sound point. The higher the speed, the more obvious the effect of Doppler effect on the sound pressure level at the sound point. It is calculated that the light vehicle will come and go at 120 km/h, 2.3 dB (A), higher than the sound pressure level at the point of departure. Heavy vehicles drive back and forth at 70 km/h, 1.5 dB (A). Higher than the sound pressure level at the point of sound when driving away The optimal design method of noise barrier based on Doppler effect of vehicle noise is studied. By considering the effective length of traffic flow and considering the day and night traffic noise source as the line sound source and the point sound source, the traffic noise prediction model is more in line with the actual traffic situation. Taking the construction position of sound barrier, the height of sound barrier and the extension length of sound barrier at and off the end of vehicle as design variables, taking the construction cost of sound barrier as objective function, the geometric parameters of sound barrier and the noise index of sound region are taken as constraint conditions. The optimal design of noise barrier based on Doppler effect of vehicle noise is carried out. The research shows that compared with the traditional method in the design code of the noise barrier, the design cost of the sound barrier can be reduced by 5.13g by using the optimization method. The acoustic simulation software Raynoise is used to validate the optimal design method of noise barrier based on the Doppler effect of vehicle noise. The acoustic simulation model is established by simulating the traffic flow, the Doppler effect of vehicle noise, the noise barrier and other sound environments. The noise reduction effect of the noise barrier in the simulation environment is calculated, and the optimization design method of the noise barrier is verified. The simulation results show that the acoustic design of acoustic barrier using this optimization method can meet the sound environmental quality standards in the daytime, nocturnal equivalent sound pressure level and peak noise. The simulation of noise reduction of noise barrier by Raynoise can provide a reference for studying the optimal design of noise barrier and controlling traffic noise.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.91;U417
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