路面结冰检测技术的研究

发布时间：2019-01-08 07:57

【摘要】：道路结冰是寒冷季节我国大部分地区会出现的气象现象,这一现象严重危害行驶车辆的安全。尤其是夜间在路面形成的黑冰,用肉眼难以分辨,更无法由路面监控判断。迄今为止,国内外的科研工作者设计开发了多种基于不同原理的结冰传感器,其中不少可应用于路面结冰检测。但许多探测原理仅处于实验室阶段,并不具备实际工程应用条件;也有不少成熟产品,由于成本较高,未能大面积使用。本文参照目前较为成熟的结冰探测技术,以实现实际工程应用为目的,研制出了两种路面结冰探测系统——接触式路面结冰探测系统和非接触式路面结冰探测系统。针对接触式路面结冰探测系统,本文简述了压电平膜结冰传感器、光纤结冰传感器的基础原理。然后根据路面结冰检测的实际应用要求,对传感器外形及原理进行了适当的修改与完善。之后以扫频电路为基础,设计、开发了压电平膜路面结冰传感器的信号调理系统,以锁定放大器为基础,设计、改进了光纤路面结冰传感器的信号调理系统。然后分别完成了两种接触式路面结冰传感器的模拟结冰试验,完成标定相关工作。最终通过现场试验验证了接触式路面结冰探测系统的可行性。针对非接触式路面结冰探测系统,本文简述了前期在文献调研基础上进行的理论研究,确定通过检测反射光的偏振度来判断路面状态,通过检测激光反射光斑大小来判断冰厚的方案。然后搭建了原理测试系统,用沥青块模拟路面各种状态,完成了原理试验。根据对原理试验数据进行的处理与标定,证实了方案的可行性。最后针对路面结冰应用背景,设计了改变相机拍照角度、改变光源波段等试验,验证了此方案工程实际应用的可能性。
[Abstract]:Road icing is a meteorological phenomenon in most parts of China in cold season, which seriously endangers the safety of driving vehicles. Especially the black ice formed on the road surface at night is difficult to distinguish with the naked eye, and can not be judged by the road surface monitoring. So far, researchers at home and abroad have designed and developed a variety of icing sensors based on different principles, many of which can be used in road icing detection. However, many detection principles are only in the laboratory stage and do not have the practical engineering application conditions. There are also many mature products which can not be used in a large area because of the high cost. Referring to the mature ice detection technology at present, in order to realize the practical engineering application, this paper develops two kinds of pavement ice detection system-contact pavement ice detection system and non-contact pavement icing detection system. In this paper, the basic principle of the pressure level film icing sensor and the optical fiber icing sensor is introduced for the contact road icing detection system. Then according to the practical application requirements of pavement icing detection, the sensor shape and principle are modified and improved. Based on the frequency sweep circuit, the signal conditioning system of the pressure level film pavement icing sensor is designed and developed. Based on the locking amplifier, the signal conditioning system of the optical fiber pavement icing sensor is designed and improved. Then, two kinds of contact road icing sensor simulation icing test was completed, and the calibration work was completed. Finally, the feasibility of the contact pavement icing detection system is verified by field test. In view of the non-contact pavement icing detection system, this paper briefly describes the previous theoretical research on the basis of literature research, and determines that the state of the road can be judged by detecting the degree of polarization of reflected light. The method of judging the thickness of ice by measuring the size of laser reflection spot. Then the principle test system is set up, and the asphalt block is used to simulate the various states of the road, and the principle test is completed. The feasibility of the scheme is verified by processing and calibrating the experimental data. Finally, the experiments of changing camera angle and changing light band are designed to verify the possibility of practical application of this scheme.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U418;U492.8

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