城市路网地震应急救援管理研究

发布时间：2019-01-17 08:45

【摘要】：地震灾害是自然灾害中破坏最为严重的一种,我国部分地区地处地震带最活跃的位置,近年频发的地震灾害对这些城市造成了深远的影响。城市道路系统在城市地震应急救援中既承担疏散应急交通的责任,又在运输救灾物资方面中发挥着重要作用,被称为城市应急救援的生命线,因此城市路网的防震救灾能力直接关系到城市应急救援的效率,而地震灾害的发生破坏了城市道路的原有结构、影响路网的运输能力,如何在城市防灾规划中选择地震疏散路径以及震后城市的应急流量分配是本文研究的核心问题。本文首先具体阐述了地震灾害的特点以及其对城市路网的破坏特征,按城市道路被破坏的程度划分路网破坏等级,进而分析了地震灾害对城市交通的影响,总结了城市应急交通的特性以及灾害下的城市交通组织设计要求。其次,基于节点重要度理论选择地震灾害路网规划的疏散节点,从道路等级构成、路基结构等要求构建可靠性高的城市应急路网并对相关路网基本参数进行破坏后的修正,由于应急路网的疏散能力是实现应急救援的重要保障,选择评价路网性能的相关指标作为应急路径规划纳入考虑的影响因素如:路网通行能力、行程时间、路段阻断风险等,并将其作为构建应急路径规划模型的目标函数,建立了多目标优化模型,利用K最短路径算法进行求解以及理想点法进行备选路径的优选排序。最后,基于交通分配原理以及多目标应急路径选择模型的计算结果,重新定义了地震灾害下应用于应急交通分配的路阻函数,并且综合考虑全局系统的疏散要求以及路网使用者的偏好选择建立了应急交通综合平衡分配模型,采取遗传算法进行模型求解,为验证理论与模型的可利用性,结合了城市小型路网进行简单的验算,丰富了研究内容。
[Abstract]:Earthquake disaster is one of the most serious natural disasters. Some areas of our country are located in the most active position in the seismic belt. The frequent earthquake disasters in recent years have a profound impact on these cities. Urban road system plays an important role not only in evacuation of emergency traffic, but also in the transportation of disaster relief materials, which is called the lifeline of urban emergency rescue. Therefore, the earthquake prevention and relief capability of urban road network is directly related to the efficiency of urban emergency rescue, and the occurrence of earthquake disaster destroys the original structure of urban road and affects the transportation capacity of urban road network. How to choose the seismic evacuation path and the distribution of emergency flow in the urban disaster prevention planning is the core problem of this paper. In this paper, the characteristics of earthquake disaster and the damage characteristics of urban road network are expounded in detail, and the damage grade of urban road network is classified according to the degree of urban road damage, and the influence of earthquake disaster on urban traffic is analyzed. The characteristics of urban emergency traffic and the design requirements of urban traffic organization under disasters are summarized. Secondly, based on the theory of node importance, the evacuation nodes of earthquake disaster network planning are selected, and the high reliability urban emergency road network is constructed according to the road grade composition, roadbed structure and so on, and the basic parameters of the relevant road network are revised after destruction. Because the evacuation ability of emergency road network is an important guarantee to realize emergency rescue, the related indexes of evaluating the performance of road network are selected as the influencing factors to be considered in emergency path planning, such as road network capacity, travel time, road block risk and so on. Taking it as the objective function of constructing the emergency path planning model, a multi-objective optimization model is established, which is solved by K shortest path algorithm and optimized by the ideal point method. Finally, based on the traffic assignment principle and the calculation results of the multi-objective emergency path selection model, the road resistance function applied to the emergency traffic assignment under earthquake disaster is redefined. Considering the evacuation requirements of the global system and the preference of road network users, a comprehensive equilibrium allocation model of emergency traffic is established, and the genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the model to verify the availability of the theory and model. Combined with a small urban network to carry out a simple check calculation, enriched the content of the study.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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