大件运输通道选择方法及技术标准研究

发布时间：2019-02-15 22:27

【摘要】：大件运输货物相对于其他货物来说,有着超长、超宽、超高、超重的特性,伴随着经济的快速发展,大件运输日益频繁。大件货物能否顺利地运送到目的地,其安全性、时效性至关重要,不仅仅影响经济的发展,更是对国家大型工程以及国防建设有着重大影响。其运输通道的选择、道路技术标准的限制等问题很大程度上决定着大件运输能否顺利进行,并且这些问题需要与常规货物的运输进行区分,本文主要从以下三个方面进行研究:本文通过了解大件运输需求,国家发展战略,搜集西部地区现有国道、省道路网中干线公路的数量、里程、技术等级、地理环境,根据大件运输车辆类型、外廓尺寸及载重,对大件运输通道进行适应性分析。通过对大件运输生产企业、运输企业、管理部门的走访调研,了解大件运输过程中亟待解决的问题,对影响大件运输通道选择的因素进行问卷调查,应用层次分析法确定了大件运输通道选择的原则,在此基础上综合大件运输的生产、运输、需求厂商分布,应用熵法确定路径优化影响因素的权重,在所选运输线路中,应用协调理论及多目标最优化理论,选出最优路径,本着经济性原则,选择两条大件运输水路通道,在全国范围内形成两纵两横的大件运输水陆联运路网。线路优选方法应用于实际大件运输工程中,对理论结果进行检验。对路上行驶的大件运输车辆基本情况进行统计,调研得到成都“大件路”以及丹东(古城)至本溪(南芬)段高速公路的技术标准,对两条道路的技术标准进行统计分析,因“大件路”技术标准数据离散性较大,对其选取85位技术标准值,与高速公路及《公路工程技术标准》(JTG B01-2003)中规定的技术标准值对比分析,进行比选,结合增长率,针对大件运输货物超长、超高、超宽、超重的特点,对于目前道路不满足运输要求的技术标准提出建议值,对将来大件运输通道技术标准的制定提供参考。成果的应用会提高大件运输的安全性、时效性、经济性,为大件运输的顺利进行提供理论支持。本文在研究过程中得到交通运输部科技项目的支持。
[Abstract]:Compared with other goods, large cargo transport has the characteristics of super long, super wide, super high and overweight. With the rapid development of economy, the transportation of large goods is becoming more and more frequent. Whether large goods can be transported to their destination smoothly, its safety and timeliness are very important. It not only affects the development of economy, but also has a great impact on national large scale projects and national defense construction. The choice of transportation passage, the limitation of road technical standard, and so on, to a large extent, determine whether the transport of large goods can be carried out smoothly, and these problems need to be distinguished from the transportation of conventional goods. This article mainly carries on the research from the following three aspects: this article through understanding the large transportation demand, the national development strategy, collects the west area existing national highway, the province road network in the trunk highway quantity, the mileage, the technical grade, the geographical environment, According to the type, outer dimension and load, the adaptability analysis of the large-part transportation passage is carried out. Through the visit and investigation of large transport production enterprises, transportation enterprises and management departments, to understand the problems to be solved in the process of large goods transportation, and to carry out a questionnaire survey on the factors that affect the choice of transport channels for large items. The principle of selecting large parts transportation channel is determined by using AHP method. On this basis, the distribution of production, transportation and demand manufacturers is integrated, and the weight of influence factors of route optimization is determined by using entropy method, which is used in the selected transportation lines. By using the coordination theory and the multi-objective optimization theory, the optimal path is selected. Based on the economic principle, two large transport waterway channels are selected, and a two-longitudinal and two-horizontal road network is formed in the whole country. The optimal route selection method is applied to the actual large-component transportation engineering, and the theoretical results are tested. According to the statistics of the basic conditions of the large transport vehicles on the road, the technical standards of the Dandong (Ancient City) to Benxi (Nanfen) section of the expressway in Chengdu and the Dandong (ancient city) to Benxi (Nanfen) section are obtained through the investigation and analysis of the technical standards of the two roads. Because the data of "Dadonglu" technical standard is more discrete, 85 bits of technical standard value is selected and compared with the technical standard value stipulated in JTG B01-2003, and the comparison and selection are carried out, combining with the rate of increase, the technical standard value of "Dadonglu" is compared with that of "Highway Engineering Technical Standard" (JTG B01-2003). In view of the characteristics of overlength, super-high, ultra-wide and overweight of large cargo, this paper puts forward the suggested value for the technical standard that the road does not meet the transportation requirement at present, and provides a reference for the formulation of the technical standard for the transportation channel in the future. The application of the results will improve the safety, timeliness and economy of large-component transportation, and provide theoretical support for the smooth progress of large-component transportation. This paper is supported by science and technology project of Ministry of Transportation.
【学位授予单位】：河北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U492.336.5

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