城市边缘区公交线网设计优化研究

发布时间：2019-02-23 09:49

【摘要】：社会经济的快速发展不断推进着我国的城市化进程,城市范围不断向外扩展,城、乡之间互相影响,互相渗透,形成了城市边缘区这一特殊区域。城市边缘区是统筹城乡发展的重要纽带,交通作为支撑其发展的关键环节,在实现城市边缘区乃至城市整体的可持续发展过程中,发挥着举足轻重的作用。在城市交通规划中,城市边缘区由于交通配套设施落后、服务范围小等原因很容易被忽视。在大力推行“公交优先”的背景下,由于城市边缘区居民收入水平较低、对出行成本较敏感等原因,针对城市边缘区公交线网的设计优化研究具有十分重要的意义。对城市边缘区公交线网的优化设计,既能为边缘区居民提供高性价比的出行服务,又能达到节能环保的发展要求,非常符合我国现阶段的发展目标。本文从以下几个方面对城市边缘区公交线网的设计优化展开研究:首先,对城市边缘区进行了概述,详细分析了城市边缘区的过渡性、依附性等特性,总结了影响边缘区界定的因素,构建了评价界定的指标体系,探讨了界定的原则和步骤,在此基础上,提出了基于K-Means空间聚类法的城市边缘区界定方法,为城市边缘区的深入研究奠定了很好的基础。其次,从城乡统筹发展和公交优先发展的角度出发,以城市交通规划学理论为基础,通过分析城市边缘区居民出行的客源特性、时间分布特性和集散特性,依据论文中对城市边缘区的界定,提出了针对边缘区客流的需求预测方法,为边缘区公交线网的设计优化提供了科学依据。最后,以为城市边缘区居民提供便捷、安全、经济、高效的出行服务为目标,通过分析城市边缘区的空间体系布局、交通需求、道路条件、发展政策等因素对边缘区线网设计的影响,确定了边缘区公交线网设计优化的原则和具体要求。根据城市边缘区与中心城区以及周边区域的联系紧密程度,综合城市边缘区的出行需求,借鉴常规城市公交线网设计方法,提出了基于节点重要度分析的城市边缘区分层设计选线法,针对边缘区主干线、次干线、支线的分层网络结构分别选用了最优线路搜索法、Hamilton回路法和最小树法形成初始线网。综合考虑城市边缘区居民出行各层级线网的不同要求和运营企业的运营成本,将三级网络分为两类,建立线网优化模型。边缘区主干线以乘客出行成本和企业运营成本最小为目标建立了优化模型,次干线和支线以换乘率和公交运营成本最小为目标建立优化模型,并运用遗传算法求解。论文最后运用线网优化模型,对西安市mP灞生态边缘区的公交线网进行了优化。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of social economy is pushing forward the urbanization process of our country constantly, the city scope expands continuously, the city, the countryside influence each other, infiltrate each other, formed the special area of the urban fringe area. Urban fringe area is an important link of urban and rural development. As a key link to support its development, traffic plays an important role in the process of realizing the sustainable development of urban fringe area and even the city as a whole. In the urban traffic planning, the urban fringe area is easily neglected because of the backward transportation facilities and the small service range. Under the background of "bus priority", because of the low income level of residents in urban fringe areas and the sensitivity to travel costs, it is of great significance to study the design and optimization of bus network in urban fringe areas. The optimization design of bus network in urban fringe area can not only provide the travel service with high performance and price ratio, but also meet the development requirements of energy saving and environmental protection, which is very consistent with the development goal of our country at the present stage. In this paper, the design and optimization of urban fringe bus network are studied from the following aspects: firstly, the paper summarizes the urban fringe area, and analyzes the characteristics of transition and dependence of the urban fringe area in detail. This paper summarizes the factors influencing the definition of marginal areas, constructs the index system of evaluation and definition, probes into the principles and steps of the definition, and puts forward a method of defining urban marginal areas based on K-Means spatial clustering method. It lays a good foundation for the further study of the urban fringe area. Secondly, from the perspective of overall urban and rural development and bus priority development, based on the theory of urban traffic planning, this paper analyzes the characteristics of passenger source, time distribution and distribution of urban fringe residents' travel. According to the definition of the urban fringe area in this paper, the method of forecasting the demand for the passenger flow in the marginal area is put forward, which provides a scientific basis for the design and optimization of the bus network in the marginal area. Finally, for the purpose of providing convenient, safe, economical and efficient travel services for the residents of the urban fringe areas, through the analysis of the spatial system layout, traffic demand, road conditions of the urban fringe areas, The influence of the development policy on the design of the marginal area network is discussed. The principle and the specific requirements of the design optimization of the edge area bus network are determined. According to the close relationship between the urban fringe area and the central urban area and the surrounding area, the paper synthesizes the travel demand of the urban fringe area, and draws lessons from the conventional urban transit network design method. Based on the analysis of node importance, a method of line selection for urban edge layer design is proposed. The optimal line search method, the Hamilton loop method and the minimum tree method are used to form the initial line network for the hierarchical network structure of the main line, the secondary trunk line and the branch line in the edge area. Considering the different requirements of the residents' travel network and the operating cost of the enterprises, the three-level network is divided into two types, and the optimization model of the network is established. The optimization model is established for the main line of the edge area with the minimum passenger travel cost and the minimum operating cost of the enterprise, and the optimization model for the secondary trunk line and branch line is established with the minimum transfer rate and the minimum operating cost of the public transport, and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization model. In the end, the paper optimizes the bus network in the ecological edge of mP Ba in Xi'an by using the optimization model.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17

【共引文献】