汽车安全气囊仿真分析方法的研究

发布时间：2019-03-31 10:15

【摘要】：随着科学技术的进步和大众生活水平的提高，消费者对于汽车的需求也在日益增加。由于不断增加的交通事故对于全世界造成的人身与财产的损失，消费者对汽车安全性能的要求也越来越高。以往，各种新款汽车投入市场之前，都需要以实际的实验车进行安全等各方面的实验研究，并对整车进行安全性能评价。这种实车的碰撞实验花费与用时相当高。如今，计算机硬件和软件技术的迅猛发展，各种算法研究的深入并得以在软件中实现应用后，使得计算机仿真分析技术在汽车产品开发和安全性能研究中起到了重要的作用。安全气囊作为一种有效的安全防护装置已经广泛地应用在现代车辆安全防护装置中。安全气囊的发明主要为了在汽车发生碰撞时，防止乘员与汽车内饰件发生碰撞的乘员辅助约束系统，安全气囊属于汽车安全工程中被动安全的研究范畴。安全气囊的仿真模拟是现代汽车安全评价的重要组成部分。因此，建立准确且贴合实际的模型是非常重要的。安全气囊各种仿真方法中，有控制体积法（Control Volum，CV）、计算流体力学方法（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）和颗粒法（Corpuscular Method，CPM）等。在此提及的几种方法都是目前安全气囊仿真常用的方法。在检查建立的气囊模型的正确与否时常用控制体积法。在进行有接触情况下的仿真计算时，比较常用的就是计算流体动力学方法和颗粒法等。计算流体力学方法和颗粒法对于处理具有复杂接触情况下的仿真等问题与实际情况时比较接近。本文主要运用了计算流体力学方法和颗粒法的仿真结果做出相关对比。主要测试了两种方法在本项目中的安全气囊仿真过程能否满足一定的性能要求。本论文的研究工作结合上海恒士达科技有限公司对某国产车前排安全气囊仿真分析项目，建立了基于有限元算法的模拟仿真模型，运用计算流体动力学法和颗粒法进行仿真对比分析。在运用计算机仿真技术对安全气囊的展开过程进行分析时，了解哪种方法满足对人体伤害程度较小的要求，，需要进行仿真对比得出结果。本文所针对的项目中运用了计算流体力学方法和颗粒法两种方法的仿真模拟结果对比，结果表明：颗粒法在仿真模拟过程中所得出的结果更加符合我们本项目所要求的受力小，温度低和对乘员作用力小等要求。论文的研究工作对发生汽车碰撞等交通事故时，安全气囊对乘员的保护具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:With the progress of science and technology and the improvement of the living standard of the general public, the demand for cars is increasing day by day. As a result of increasing traffic accidents to the world caused by personal and property losses, consumers require more and more car safety performance. In the past, before all kinds of new cars were put into the market, it was necessary to carry out experimental research on safety and other aspects of actual experimental vehicles, and evaluate the safety performance of the whole vehicle. This kind of real car collision experiment cost and use time is quite high. Nowadays, with the rapid development of computer hardware and software technology and the thorough research of various algorithms and their application in software, the computer simulation and analysis technology plays an important role in the development of automobile products and the research of safety performance. As an effective safety protection device, airbag has been widely used in modern vehicle safety devices. The invention of airbag is mainly aimed at preventing the collision between occupant and interior parts of automobile when collision occurs. Airbag belongs to passive safety research field in automobile safety engineering. Simulation of airbag is an important part of modern automobile safety evaluation. Therefore, it is very important to establish accurate and practical models. The simulation methods of airbag include controlled Volume method (Control Volum,CV), Computational fluid Dynamics (Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD) and Particle method (Corpuscular Method,CPM). Several methods mentioned here are commonly used in airbag simulation. The control volume method is often used to check the correctness of the established airbag model. In the case of contact simulation, computational fluid dynamics and particle method are commonly used. The computational fluid dynamics method and the particle method are close to the actual situation in dealing with the simulation in the case of complex contact. In this paper, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method and the particle method are used to compare the simulation results. This paper mainly tests whether the two methods can meet certain performance requirements in the simulation process of airbag in this project. The research work of this thesis combines the simulation and analysis project of Shanghai Hengsta Technology Co., Ltd. to a domestic car front row airbag, and establishes the simulation model based on the finite element algorithm. Computational fluid dynamics method and particle method are used for simulation and comparative analysis. When using computer simulation technology to analyze the deployment process of airbag, it is necessary to compare and compare the simulation results to find out which method meets the requirement of less harm to human body. The comparison of simulation results between computational fluid dynamics method and particle method is carried out in the project. The results show that the results obtained by the particle method in the simulation process are more consistent with the small force required by our project, and the simulation results show that the simulation results of the particle method are in good agreement with the requirements of our project. Low temperature and small force on occupants. The research work of this paper is of great significance to the protection of occupants in traffic accidents such as automobile collision.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：U491.61

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