应急疏散条件下的逆向车道设置研究

发布时间：2019-04-10 10:32

【摘要】：为了缓解应急疏散过程中的交通拥堵现象,交通管理部门制定了各种疏散策略。而逆向车道设置作为一种可提高疏散方向通行能力的有效交通策略,在疏散过程中表现出了极强的优越性。虽然逆向车道设置原理简单,但是关于逆向车道设置的相关理论知识以及规范政策相对比较匮乏。本文研究主题为应急疏散情况下的逆向车道设置问题,重点集中在对逆向车道定义、逆向车道的优缺点及其应用领域的分析,并且结合了应急疏散情况下交通流的特性,在最小割理论下提出逆向车道的设置方法。通过设置逆向车道,可有效提高从事发点到安全点的输送流量,极大的缓解疏散过程中的交通延误及拥堵情况。论文首先定义了本文研究的主体逆向车道,明确了研究的对象逆向车道是指在应急疏散过程中,通过采取相关交通措施,将从事发区域到安全区域方向的对向车道,全部或者部分改变通行方向。同时对逆向车道的应用领域,影响逆向车道设置的因素以及逆向车道的各类组织方式进行了总结。由于本文是在应急疏散情况下展开的,因此本文分析了应急疏散影响因素,通过归纳总结突发事件和自然灾害对交通流及交通系统的影响,明确疏散过程中的交通流特性,根据不同的交通特性,给出了不同情况下的交通疏散策略。最后,以提高疏散方向通行能力为目标,结合逆向车道设置的内涵,提出了基于最大流最小割理论的逆向车道设置策略。由于疏散过程中,限制疏散方向通行能力的往往为路网中的瓶颈路段,而最大流最小割理论恰好能够给出网络中限制整个网路运输能力的关键路段集合。本论文就是以该原理为基础,寻找逆向车道设置的具体路段。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the traffic congestion in the process of emergency evacuation, traffic management departments have formulated various evacuation strategies. As an effective traffic strategy, reverse lane setting can improve the capacity of evacuation direction, and it shows strong superiority in evacuation process. Although the principle of reverse lane setting is simple, the relative theoretical knowledge and normative policy about reverse lane setting are relatively scarce. In this paper, we focus on the definition of reverse lane, the advantages and disadvantages of reverse lane and its application field, and combine the characteristics of traffic flow in the case of emergency evacuation, and focus on the definition of reverse lane, the advantages and disadvantages of reverse lane and the analysis of its application field. Based on the minimum cutting theory, an inverse lane setting method is proposed. By setting up the reverse lane, the traffic flow from the departure point to the safety point can be effectively improved, and the traffic delay and congestion in the evacuation process can be greatly alleviated. At first, the paper defines the main reverse lane of this paper, and makes clear that the object reverse lane refers to the opposite lane from the accident area to the safe area in the process of emergency evacuation, through the relevant traffic measures, and it is clear that the reverse lane is the opposite lane from the accident area to the safe area during the emergency evacuation process. Change the direction in whole or in part. At the same time, the application field of reverse lane, the factors that influence the setting of reverse lane and the organization of reverse lane are summarized. Because this paper is carried out in the case of emergency evacuation, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of emergency evacuation, summarizes the impact of emergency events and natural disasters on traffic flow and traffic system, and clarifies the characteristics of traffic flow in evacuation process. According to different traffic characteristics, the traffic evacuation strategies under different circumstances are given. Finally, in order to improve the capacity of evacuation direction, combined with the connotation of reverse lane setting, a reverse lane setting strategy based on the theory of maximum flow and minimum cut is proposed. In the process of evacuation, the capacity of evacuation direction is often restricted by the bottleneck section of the network, and the theory of maximum flow and minimum cut can just give out the set of key sections in the network that limit the transportation capacity of the whole network. This paper is based on this principle, looking for the specific section of reverse lane setting.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.2

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