道路交通事故车速计算方法分析与应用研究

发布时间：2019-04-24 00:54

【摘要】：近年来,道路交通事故给人们带来的危害不断增大,对交通事故的分析与研究也显得更为迫切与重要。车辆运行速度和运行轨迹是交通事故技术分析的主要内容,也是导致交通事故的主要因素之一。在分析交通事故原因和处理交通事故工作中必须解决的切实问题就是事故车辆在发生交通事故时的行驶速度。充分搜集相关证据,建立正确的车辆碰撞模型,精确描述事故过程中事故车的运动状态,是进行交通事故车速计算的关键。本文首先讨论了以碰撞动力学为理论基础的汽车一维碰撞和二维碰撞模型,一维碰撞模型分为正面碰撞和追尾碰撞两种形态,二维碰撞模型分为二维对心碰撞和二维非对心碰撞两种形态。在对力学模型进行合理简化的基础上,对四种模型的计算方法及相关参数的选取方法和范围进行了仔细探讨与分析,对各种模型的计算流程进行了总结,并对其使用条件进行了说明。由于事故现场痕迹、物证勘查对事故鉴定具有不可替代的作用,本文结合实际的事故现场勘查经验对事故现场勘查的规范流程进行了整理,并对几种常规碰撞现场痕迹、物证勘查做了详细说明。在计算车速时需分析不同影响因素对车辆运动的整体作用,在一些比较繁琐的车辆碰撞事故中可应用多种计算方法互相验证。本文从大量的车速计算案例中分析得出,对于有明显制动印痕和侧滑印痕,同时也有大量散落物的碰撞事故,应首选制动印痕或侧滑印痕计算公式求解车辆速度,然后依据散落物计算方法进行验证和优化。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the harm caused by road traffic accidents is increasing, and the analysis and research of traffic accidents are more urgent and important. Vehicle running speed and track are the main contents of technical analysis of traffic accidents, and also one of the main factors leading to traffic accidents. The practical problem that must be solved in analyzing the causes of traffic accidents and dealing with traffic accidents is the driving speed of accident vehicles in the event of traffic accidents. It is the key to calculate the traffic accident speed to collect the relevant evidence, establish the correct vehicle collision model, and accurately describe the motion state of the accident vehicle during the accident. In this paper, one-dimensional collision model and two-dimensional collision model based on collision dynamics are discussed firstly. One-dimensional collision model is divided into two types: front collision and rear-end collision. The two-dimensional collision model is divided into two types: two-dimensional concentric collision and two-dimensional non-concentric collision. On the basis of reasonable simplification of the mechanical model, the calculation methods of the four models and the selection methods and ranges of the relevant parameters are carefully discussed and analyzed, and the calculation processes of the various models are summarized. And the conditions of its use are explained. Because of the trace of accident scene, physical evidence exploration has irreplaceable effect on accident identification. In this paper, the standard flow of accident scene exploration is sorted out, and several kinds of routine collision site trace are also analyzed. The investigation of physical evidence has been explained in detail. In the calculation of vehicle speed, it is necessary to analyze the overall effect of different factors on vehicle motion, and many calculation methods can be used to verify each other in some more cumbersome vehicle collision accidents. Based on the analysis of a large number of vehicle speed calculation cases, it is concluded that for the collision accidents with obvious brake marks and sideslip marks as well as a large number of scattering objects, the calculation formula of brake marks or side slip marks should be chosen to solve the vehicle speed. Then it is verified and optimized according to the calculation method of scattered objects.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.31

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