车载式隧道衬砌表面状态检测技术研究

发布时间：2019-05-08 01:29

【摘要】：随着我国铁路运营里程和铁路隧道长度的逐年递增,急需高效、动态的自动化巡检技术对于隧道衬砌状态进行检测。随着激光技术和电子技术的发展,激光测量已经从静态的点测量发展到动态测量和3D立体测量领域。本文针对隧道衬砌表面发生裂缝等缺陷的检测需求,基于激光三角法测量原理,对隧道衬砌表面状态的车载式动态检测技术进行研究。本文首先分析了隧道衬砌表面状态检测需求,并简述了国内外相关检测技术研究现状,提出了研究工作的技术路线和关键指标。然后阐述了激光三角法的测量原理,并基于该方法提出了总体设计方案。依据设计方案,对隧道衬砌表面激光3D成像的若干关键技术进行了研究,重点论述了光学器件选型、动态测量控制技术、图像畸变及标定方法、3D图像中的隧道衬砌表面裂缝识别方法等工作。课题完成了隧道衬砌表面检测系统样机的开发,并在试验线上开展了多次现场试验和验证工作。研究结果表明,本文提出的基于激光三角法的隧道衬砌表面状态检测技术可有效检测衬砌表面裂缝。所设计的成像系统的单传感器覆盖面积更广,抗干扰能力更强,具有更高的集成度。
[Abstract]:With the increasing of railway mileage and length of railway tunnel in China, it is urgent to detect the lining state of tunnel with high efficiency and dynamic automatic inspection technology. With the development of laser technology and electronic technology, laser measurement has developed from static point measurement to dynamic measurement and 3D stereo measurement. In this paper, based on the principle of laser trigonometric measurement, the vehicle-borne dynamic detection technology of tunnel lining surface state is studied according to the requirement of detecting cracks on tunnel lining surface and so on. In this paper, the requirement of tunnel lining surface condition detection is analyzed firstly, and the research status of relevant inspection technology at home and abroad is briefly introduced, and the technical route and key indexes of the research work are put forward. Then, the measuring principle of laser triangulation method is described, and the overall design scheme based on the method is put forward. According to the design scheme, some key techniques of laser 3D imaging of tunnel lining surface are studied. The selection of optical devices, dynamic measurement and control technology, image distortion and calibration method are emphatically discussed. 3-D image of tunnel lining surface crack identification methods and so on. The project completed the development of the prototype of tunnel lining surface detection system, and carried out a number of field tests and verification work on the test line. The results show that the laser triangulation method can effectively detect the surface cracks of tunnel lining. The single sensor cover area of the imaging system is wider, the anti-jamming ability is stronger, and the integration degree is higher.
【学位授予单位】：中国铁道科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U455.91

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