考虑服务可用性与需求响应的换电站容量优化配置

发布时间：2019-05-14 07:15

【摘要】：发展电动汽车是缓解环境压力和保障能源安全的重要途径,其能源补给设施的建设是推广电动汽车不可或缺的必要条件。在多种充换电设施中,电动汽车换电站具有换电时间短、无需配套大型停车场、充电时间灵活、方便对动力电池统一维护管理等优点。如何对换电站中充电机及动力电池进行合理配置,是换电站规划设计中需要解决的基础性问题。在综合考虑换电服务可用性及需求响应策略的情况下,本文提出了电动汽车换电站的容量优化配置方法。首先结合换电站的结构与工作流程,在换电站“即换即充”的常规运行策略基础上提出了引入对电价进行需求响应的充电策略；基于两种不向的运行策略,建立了换电站工作状态的时序仿真模型,输入每时段需换电车次数量与换下的动力电池起始荷电状态,可得到每时段各状态电动汽车与动力电池的数量。其次,研究了换电站系统服务可用性,综合从换电可用车次、系统服务可用时间以及用户换电需等待的时长等方面提出换电站系统服务可用性的评价指标,以对换电服务进行量化评价；然后结合换电站工作状态时序仿真模型,提出了换电站系统服务可用性评价指标的计算方法。在此基础上,以换电站购置动力电池与充电机的年成本与维护费用最小为目标函数,综合考虑系统服务可用性的约束,建立了换电站容量配置的模型,并基于微分进化算法对该模型进行求解。最后,文章对具体算例进行优化配置计算,比较了常规运行策略下不同换电需求分布特性与不同服务可用性约束对配置结果的影响；然后引入几种不同需求响应措施运行策略的情况进行研究,比较了不同需求响应措施对配置结果与充电费用的影响；最后对几种不同配置方案下换电站的运行情况进行了分析。
[Abstract]:The development of electric vehicles is an important way to alleviate environmental pressure and ensure energy security, and the construction of its energy supply facilities is an indispensable necessary condition for the promotion of electric vehicles. In a variety of charging and changing facilities, electric vehicle power station has the advantages of short switching time, no matching large parking lot, flexible charging time, convenient unified maintenance and management of power battery, and so on. How to configure the charger and power battery reasonably is the basic problem to be solved in the planning and design of the power station. Under the condition of considering the availability of power exchange service and demand response strategy, this paper puts forward the optimal allocation method of electric vehicle power station capacity. Firstly, based on the structure and work flow of the power station, the charging strategy of introducing the demand response to the electricity price is put forward on the basis of the conventional operation strategy of the power station. Based on two kinds of undirected operation strategies, the timing simulation model of the working state of the power station is established, and the number of vehicles to be changed and the initial charge state of the power battery are inputted. The number of electric vehicles and power batteries in each state can be obtained. Secondly, the service availability of the power station system is studied, and the evaluation index of the service availability of the power station system is put forward from the aspects of the number of available vehicles, the available time of the system service and the waiting time for the user to change the power supply. In order to carry on the quantitative evaluation to the power exchange service; Then, combined with the sequential simulation model of the working state of the power station, the calculation method of the service availability evaluation index of the power station system is put forward. On this basis, taking the minimum annual cost and maintenance cost of power battery and charger as the objective function, considering the constraint of system service availability, the model of capacity allocation of power station is established. The model is solved based on differential evolution algorithm. Finally, the optimal configuration calculation of specific examples is carried out, and the effects of different power conversion demand distribution characteristics and different service availability constraints on the configuration results under the conventional operation strategy are compared. Then the operation strategies of several different demand response measures are introduced to study, and the effects of different demand response measures on the configuration results and charging costs are compared. Finally, the operation of the power station under several different configuration schemes is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.8

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