拥挤收费下城市道路时空资源利用率优化研究

发布时间：2019-05-24 19:34

【摘要】：城市道路交通拥挤严重,引发各种社会问题,急需一种行之有效的手段来缓解该现象的继续恶化。通过经济手段对出行者实施拥挤收费来增加其高峰期拥挤路段的出行成本,使出行者选择平峰期出行或者选择其他非拥挤路段出行,从时间维和空间维的角度对交通流进行分流,城市道路资源得到更好利用,道路交通拥挤问题得到缓解。本文主要工作如下:(1)对国内外城市道路拥挤收费的相关研究进行梳理和总结。对交通拥挤通过量化形式加以界定。分析造成交通拥挤的原因以及缓解该现象的策略。对比几种策略,发现对城市道路高峰期拥挤路段实施拥挤收费是缓解交通拥挤的有效手段。(2)城市道路拥挤收费理论框架的构建。给出拥挤收费定义及其经济学原理(边际成本定价原理),根据不同分类标准对其分类。例如根据收费区域不同,把拥挤收费分为区域拥挤收费和单条道路拥挤收费,根据是否考虑时间维对拥挤收费的影响,把拥挤收费分为静态拥挤收费和动态拥挤收费。以最优拥挤收费模型为例对静态拥挤收费理论进行深入分析,以瓶颈模型为例对动态拥挤收费理论进行研究。(3)拥挤收费对出行者出行时段选择的影响。基于时空消耗理论,建立以社会福利最大为目标函数的数学模型,用最速下降法中的Frank-wolfe算法对模型求解。以简单路网为载体,对出行高峰期拥挤路段实施拥挤收费。对比拥挤收费前后出行者出行时段选择变化,发现该策略使出行者在时间维度上发生出行分流,可有效缓解城市道路交通拥挤问题。(4)拥挤收费对出行者出行路径选择的影响。基于变权层次分析法,建立出行者出行路径选择模型。模型以选择合适路径为目标层,以出行成本、出行消耗时间、路面平整度等为准则层,对影响出行者路径选择决策的影响因子进行激励型变权,不同出行者对各影响因子分配的权重不同,最后根据各条路径的优先级,出行者选出适合自身的出行路径。(5)针对城市道路拥挤收费策略,构建评价体系。以代表性、可量化性、系统性等为原则选择评价指标。评价指标分为两类(I类指标---公众支持度,II类指标---缓解交通拥挤度),对指标进行量化分析,给出各指标等级表。
[Abstract]:Urban road traffic congestion is serious, causing a variety of social problems, urgent need of an effective means to alleviate the continuous deterioration of the phenomenon. By means of economic means, congestion charges are imposed on travelers to increase the travel cost of congested sections in their peak periods, so that travelers can choose peak travel or other non-congested sections to travel. From the point of view of time and space dimension, the traffic flow is shunt, the urban road resources are better utilized, and the problem of road traffic congestion is alleviated. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the related research on urban road congestion pricing at home and abroad is combed and summarized. Traffic congestion is defined in quantitative form. This paper analyzes the causes of traffic congestion and the strategies to alleviate the phenomenon. Compared with several strategies, it is found that congestion charging is an effective means to alleviate traffic congestion. (2) the construction of the theoretical framework of urban road congestion charging. The definition of congestion charge and its economic principle (marginal cost pricing principle) are given, and they are classified according to different classification standards. For example, according to the different charging areas, congestion charges are divided into regional congestion charges and single road congestion charges. According to whether or not the time dimension is considered, congestion charges are divided into static congestion charges and dynamic congestion charges. Taking the optimal congestion charging model as an example, the static congestion charging theory is deeply analyzed, and the bottleneck model is taken as an example to study the dynamic congestion charging theory. (3) the influence of congestion charging on the travel time choice of travelers. Based on the theory of space-time consumption, a mathematical model with the maximum social welfare as the objective function is established, and the Frank-wolfe algorithm in the steepest drop method is used to solve the model. Taking the simple road network as the carrier, the congestion charge is carried out on the congested road section during the peak period of travel. Compared with the change of traveler's travel time before and after congestion charge, it is found that this strategy makes travelers travel shunt in the time dimension. It can effectively alleviate the problem of urban road traffic congestion. (4) the influence of congestion charges on travelers' travel path choice. Based on the variable weight analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the travel path selection model of travelers is established. The model takes the selection of the appropriate path as the target layer, and takes the travel cost, travel consumption time, road smoothness and so on as the criterion layer, and carries on the incentive variable weight to the influencing factors that affect the traveler's path selection decision. Different travelers have different weights to each influencing factor. Finally, according to the priority of each path, the travelers choose their own travel paths. (5) according to the urban road congestion charging strategy, the evaluation system is constructed. Based on the principles of representativeness, quantification and systematicness, the evaluation index is selected. The evaluation indexes are divided into two categories (class I index-public support degree, II index-degree of traffic congestion relief). The quantitative analysis of the index is carried out, and the grade table of each index is given.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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