大型桥梁非通航孔防船撞拦阻设施水动力仿真研究

发布时间：2019-06-10 07:03

【摘要】：随着经济建设的快速发展,我国已经成为世界跨海越江工程建设的主战场,陆续建成了多座跨海越江大型桥梁。仅浙江省内就有杭州湾跨海大桥、舟山跨海大桥、象山港跨海大桥、嘉绍越江大桥等。另外,广东省举世瞩目的港珠澳大桥主体工程已基本完工。这些跨河流、跨海湾的大型桥梁通达了陆路交通,但对于通航船舶来说,桥梁却是障碍物。船桥相撞事件时有发生,严重的船桥相撞事故不但造成船毁人亡、桥梁倒塌、还可能由于船体破损泄漏进一步造成环境灾难,经济损失和社会影响巨大。如何避免或减轻船舶与桥梁相撞的灾难性后果,是当前具有广泛意义的国际性课题,日益引起各国学术界、工程界和桥梁管理部门的共同关注。因此,为了避免和减少船撞桥严重安全事故的发生,积极开展桥梁防船撞技术的研究具有极其重要的意义。针对非通航孔桥墩防船撞,研发的一种自适应船舶拦阻网技术,主要由系泊大浮体、系泊锚链和固定锚、自适应小浮筒、拦阻网、恒阻力缆绳以及触发钢索所组成。阐述了该防撞装置设计原理,即偏航船舶撞击该防撞装置,小浮筒会带动拦阻网自适应地从水平状态竖起展开,包裹住来撞船首,再通过相连浮体的运动阻力和恒阻力缆绳来吸收船舶动能,拦阻住船舶,保护非通航孔桥墩安全。简单介绍了课题组在福建平潭海峡大桥非通航孔附近海域实施的实船撞击自适应拦阻网防撞装置的大型试验,试验结果显示:自适应拦阻网成功升起,船舶被安全拦阻,从而实验证实了设计原理与设计方案的可行性和可靠性。本论文应用势流理论和波浪的辐射/衍射理论,基于水动力分析程序AQWA,在时域内对自适应防船撞拦阻装置在拦阻一艘1000吨级货轮时的拦阻过程进行数值仿真。在建模过程中巧妙利用在触发绳索处设置小浮块来作为船舶与拦截绳索之间的接触点,让小浮块来代替绳索与船舶之间的接触,解决了船舶与绳索间难以设置接触的问题。并使用AQWA中Cable Winch和Cable Failure功能来为船舶设置不同的初始速度,从而建立了一套简便、快捷、完整的针对自适应船舶拦阻装置的水动力计算技术流程。将数值计算的结果与实船撞击试验进行对比,结果发现船舶减速时程曲线两者一致性非常好,自适应小浮筒抬升角度的计算结果与实验结果也比较接近,说明了数值仿真具有较好的计算精度和可靠性,能够为该防撞装置的结构设计与优化提供重要的参考。在此基础之上进行数值模拟分析了拦阻装置在没有船舶撞击的情况下,不同工况和不同系泊形式对拦阻设施耐波性能的影响,发现在中浪海况下的拦截系统对波浪的敏感性要强,但是运动相对缓和,而巨浪情况下则运动较为剧烈。分析拦阻装置的关键影响参数如浮体的系泊形式、触发索根数、自适应浮筒的间距、系泊锚链的长度、船舶的迎撞角等对拦阻设施的拦阻性能的影响,发现浮体的系泊形式和系泊锚链的长度对拦阻设施的拦阻性能具有比较明显的影响。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the economic construction, China has become the main battlefield of the world's cross-sea-crossing project, and the large-scale bridges across the sea and the river have been built in succession. Only in Zhejiang Province, there are Hangzhou Bay Cross-sea Bridge, Zhoushan Cross-sea Bridge, Xiangshan Port Cross-sea Bridge, Jiashao River Bridge, and so on. In addition, the main works of the world-renowned Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge in Guangdong Province have been basically completed. The large bridges across the river, across the bay, have access to land traffic, but for navigable ships, the bridge is an obstacle. The collision between the bridge and the bridge often happens, and the serious ship bridge collision accident not only causes the ship to be destroyed, the bridge collapses, but also can cause environmental disaster, economic loss and social influence due to the damage of the ship body. How to avoid or mitigate the catastrophic consequences of a collision between a ship and a bridge is an international subject that is of great significance, and is attracting more and more attention from the academic, engineering and bridge management departments of all countries. Therefore, in order to avoid and reduce the serious safety accident of the bridge, it is of great significance to carry out the research of the bridge anti-ship collision technology. The invention relates to a self-adaptive ship arresting net technology for a non-navigable-hole bridge pier anti-ship collision and development, which is mainly composed of a mooring large floating body, a mooring anchor chain and a fixed anchor, an adaptive small buoy, a blocking net, a constant resistance cable and a trigger steel cable. The design principle of the anti-collision device is described, that is, the yaw ship impacts the anti-collision device, And the safety of the non-navigable-hole piers is protected. This paper briefly introduces the large-scale test of the anti-collision device of a real-ship impact self-adaptive blocking net which is implemented by the research group in the sea area near the non-navigation hole of the Fujian Pingtan Channel Bridge. The results show that the self-adaptive blocking net is lifted successfully and the ship is safely blocked. So that the feasibility and the reliability of the design principle and the design scheme are proved. This paper applies the theory of potential flow and the radiation/ diffraction theory of the wave, and based on the water-power analysis program AQWA, the self-adaptive anti-ship collision arresting device is simulated by numerical simulation in the time domain. In the modeling process, a small floating block is arranged at the trigger rope to act as a contact point between the ship and the intercepting rope, and the small floating block is used for replacing the contact between the rope and the ship, and the problem that the ship and the rope are difficult to set contact is solved. And using the Cable Winch and the Cable Failure function in the AQWA to set different initial speeds for the ship, thereby establishing a simple, fast and complete water power computing technology flow aiming at the self-adapting ship arresting device. The result of the numerical calculation is compared with the real-ship impact test. The results show that the consistency of the two-way curve is very good, the result of the self-adaptive small-buoy lifting angle is close to the experimental results, and the numerical simulation has good accuracy and reliability. And can provide an important reference for the structural design and the optimization of the anti-collision device. On the basis of the numerical simulation, the influence of the arresting device under the condition of no ship collision, different working conditions and different mooring forms on the wave resistance of the arresting facility is analyzed, and it is found that the interception system under the condition of the medium wave is strong in the wave sensitivity, but the movement is relatively mild, In that case of a great wave, the movement is more severe. the key influencing parameters of the arresting device such as the mooring form of the floating body, the number of the triggering cables, the spacing of the self-adapting pontoons, the length of the mooring chain, the impact angle of the ship and the like are analyzed, It was found that the mooring pattern of the floating body and the length of the mooring chain had a significant effect on the arresting performance of the arresting facility.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U443.26

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