大客车前碰撞中驾驶员膝部气囊优化设计研究

发布时间：2019-06-25 00:27

【摘要】：在大客车前碰撞中,由于前围产生较大侵入变形,极易造成驾驶员下肢损伤。为减少驾驶员下肢损伤风险,设计了一种驾驶员膝部安全气囊,并采用计算机仿真方法对气囊进行了优化分析研究。首先,利用Hypermesh建立12 m大客车的有限元模型,并对其进行正面碰撞模拟,验证了客车模型的可行性,且得到驾驶员座椅下方加速度曲线。然后,用MADYMO动力学软件建立了该大客车驾驶员约束系统的前碰撞模型,模型包含客车驾驶舱、驾驶员座椅、三点式安全带、转向系统、和膝部安全气囊。进而将有限元客车整车正面碰撞模拟获得的加速度曲线作为MADYMO碰撞模型的输入载荷条件,分析了安全带和膝部气囊的八个设计参数对驾驶员下肢损伤的影响。最后得到膝部气囊点火时刻、膝部气囊拉带长度、膝部气囊排气孔面积系数三个主效应影响因子,并基于多目标遗传算法对其进行优化分析,优化结果使驾驶员下肢损伤风险得到了很大程度的降低。
[Abstract]:In the front collision of bus, the driver's lower extremity is easily damaged because of the large invasion and deformation of the front circumference. In order to reduce the risk of driver's lower extremity injury, a kind of driver's knee airbag was designed, and the computer simulation method was used to optimize the airbag. Firstly, the finite element model of 12 m bus is established by Hypermesh, and the front collision simulation is carried out to verify the feasibility of the bus model, and the acceleration curve under the driver's seat is obtained. Then, the front collision model of the bus driver constraint system is established by MADYMO dynamics software, which includes bus cockpit, driver seat, three-point seat belt, steering system and knee airbag. Furthermore, the acceleration curve obtained from the front collision simulation of the finite element bus is taken as the input load condition of the MADYMO collision model, and the effects of eight design parameters of seat belt and knee airbag on the driver's lower extremity injury are analyzed. Finally, three main influencing factors, namely, the ignition time of the knee airbag, the length of the knee airbag belt and the area coefficient of the exhaust hole of the knee airbag, are obtained, and the optimization analysis is carried out based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm. The optimization results reduce the driver's lower extremity injury risk to a great extent.
【作者单位】：湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51275164) 湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室自主研究课题(61075004)资助
【分类号】：U491.61

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