行人过街使用手机行为特性及管控方法研究

发布时间：2019-06-25 20:48

【摘要】：随着智能手机的普及和手机功能的丰富,手机正渗透至人们日常生活中的各个领域,手机依赖也因此逐步演变成一种普遍的社会现象。手机引发的“低头族”现象已波及到交通出行领域,尤其行人在过街时使用手机带来的安全隐患和伤亡事故持续扩大。手机分心会干扰行人的过街速度、视觉感知、听觉感知和判断决策,进而影响行人过街的安全性。因此,探究手机分心对行人过街安全的影响机理和行人过街使用手机行为的心理影响因素,将进一步引发社会各界对“低头族”现象的关注,对降低行人过街伤亡事故有一定的指导意义。本文主要针对行人过街使用手机行为进行研究。首先,设计真实道路交通环境下的行人手机分心过街任务实验,通过摄像机获取行人过街过程中的过街启动时间、过街左右观察交通次数、平均过街速度和过街失败等行为特性指标,利用眼动仪捕捉瞳孔直径、注视点分布百分比、注视时间分布百分比、注视点平均注视时间和扫视频率等眼动特性指标,运用差异性分析探究手机分心和不同手机使用方式对行人过街行为指标和眼动特性指标的影响,论证了手机分心对行人过街安全的影响;其次,基于改进计划行为理论设计行人过街使用手机行为量表,针对405份有效样本数据进行描述性统计、信效度检验、相关性和差异性分析,运用结构方程模型解释和预测行人过街使用手机行为,掌握行人过街使用手机行为的心理影响因素。最后,结合手机分心对行人过街安全的影响和行人过街使用手机行为的心理影响因素,从行人交通安全规划、行人交通安全教育和行人交通安全管理三方面提出相关管控措施,为有效减少行人过街使用手机不安全行为提供新视角。
[Abstract]:With the popularity of smart phones and the enrichment of mobile phone functions, mobile phones are infiltrating into all fields of people's daily life, and mobile phone dependence has gradually evolved into a common social phenomenon. The phenomenon of "Phubber" caused by mobile phones has spread to the field of traffic travel, especially the hidden dangers and casualties caused by pedestrians using mobile phones when crossing the street. Mobile phone distractions can interfere with pedestrian crossing speed, visual perception, auditory perception and judgment decision, and then affect the safety of pedestrians crossing the street. Therefore, exploring the influence mechanism of mobile phone distraction on pedestrian crossing safety and the psychological factors of pedestrian crossing behavior will further arouse the attention of all sectors of society to the phenomenon of "Phubber", and have certain guiding significance for reducing pedestrian casualties. This paper mainly studies the behavior of pedestrians crossing the street using mobile phones. First of all, the experiment of pedestrian mobile phone distraction crossing task in real road traffic environment is designed, the starting time of pedestrian crossing is obtained by camera, the traffic frequency, average crossing speed and crossing failure are observed around the street, and the pupil diameter, the percentage of injection point distribution and the percentage of gaze time are captured by eye movement instrument. Based on the difference analysis of the influence of mobile phone distraction and different mobile phone usage patterns on pedestrian crossing behavior index and eye movement characteristic index, the influence of mobile phone distraction on pedestrian crossing safety was demonstrated by using the difference analysis of eye movement characteristics such as average fixation time and scanning frequency. Secondly, based on the improved planning behavior theory, the pedestrian mobile phone behavior scale was designed. Descriptive statistics, reliability and validity test, correlation and difference analysis were carried out for 405 valid sample data. The structural equation model was used to explain and predict the behavior of pedestrian crossing mobile phone, and the psychological influencing factors of pedestrian crossing mobile phone behavior were mastered. Finally, combined with the influence of mobile phone distraction on pedestrian crossing safety and the psychological factors of pedestrian mobile phone use behavior, this paper puts forward some relevant control measures from three aspects: pedestrian traffic safety planning, pedestrian traffic safety education and pedestrian traffic safety management, so as to provide a new perspective for effectively reducing the unsafe behavior of pedestrian crossing mobile phone.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.226

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