雅康高速飞仙关红层隧道特大涌突水机理分析

发布时间：2019-06-27 09:51

【摘要】：随着我国社会、经济的快速发展,隧道越来越多。隧道涌水常发生在施工的意料之外,往往造成巨大损失。正是由于涌水灾害的危害性和突然性,因此,加强隧道涌水的研究,具有非常重要的意义。大型隧道涌水常发生于岩溶发育的地区,在红层地区隧道涌水量较小,然而雅康高速飞仙关红层隧道发生特大涌突水,涌水量达15万m3/d,非常罕见。且对于红层隧道的研究非常稀少,特别是对特大涌水红层隧道的研究几乎没有,并且隧道所在向斜构造特殊地质条件就有典型性,对飞仙关隧道的研究可在填补国内对于这一课题的空白。因此首先采用水温、水化学分析及聚类分析方法,判断表层地下水与隧道涌水不是同一水力系统,推断隧道涌水与地表水系存在联系。进而采用水化学示踪分析法,对隧道涌水、地表河流、各水文单元典型泉点进行重金属水化学相关性分析,得出隧道涌水与地表河流具有较高的相关性,隧道涌水与地表河流具有相同重金属离子,确定隧道涌水与地表河流存在水力联系。通过理论分析,隧道涌水主要是通过层间错动带的强透水层得到补给,补给来源为荥经河与始阳河,存在顺层顺轴与顺层绕轴两种渗流模式。隧道涌突水开始时出现的瞬时高压,是始阳河一侧高水头造成。为了验证隧道涌水的分析结果,研究隧道在顺轴、绕轴两种渗流模式下的水文地质特征,将顺轴、绕轴两种涌突水模式进行物理模拟试验,研究隧道涌突水来源及其机理。物理模拟试验中,将隧道涌水可能出现的各种情况进行逐一模拟,通过各试验组涌水量衰减方程与隧道实际涌水量衰减方程拟合相关性,探讨隧道涌水在这一过程特征。研究飞仙关隧道,对飞仙关隧道涌突水来源及机理进行探讨,主要取得以下结论:(1)根据水温、水化学及系统聚类分析,确定隧道涌水主要水源地表河流。(2)研究区内地质构造复杂,产生大量的裂隙、缝隙,形成复杂的多层(砂岩层)裂隙储水、导水网络。(3)物理模拟试验与实际地质体之间有很好的吻合,对地质体进行了真实的再现与模拟,物理模拟试验过程真实可信,所得数据真实可靠。(4)飞仙关隧道涌水过程中存在顺轴、绕轴两种涌突水模式,并存在层间错动带。(5)水流主要通过层间错动带向隧道排泄,为隧道涌水主要通道,隧道涌水存在优势通道,与地表河流存在水力联系。(6)飞仙关隧道涌水初期主要涌水来源来自于地质体中地下水静储量,随着静储量的排泄,隧道涌水逐渐以地表河流为主要来源。荥经河为主要涌水来源,始阳河为次要涌水来源。(7)初始高压是来自于始阳河一侧的高水头,在隧道施工揭露基岩主干网络的瞬间产生涌水,使得岩体中水体差生压差,将向斜NW翼由始阳河入渗的水量以倒虹吸的形式贯通,造成瞬时高压涌出的现象,而后水压迅速释放。(8)红层地区隧道在某些特殊复杂的地质条件下也可以发生大规模涌突水,并非传统上认为的红层地区及是贫水区。并且红层隧道涌水也有自身特点,与传统岩溶等易发大型涌突水隧道有显著不同。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our society and economy, the tunnel is getting more and more. The surge of the tunnel often occurs in the construction, often causing great loss. It is of great importance to strengthen the study of the water inflow of the tunnel because of the danger and the chance of the flood disaster. The water inflow of large-scale tunnel is often in the area of the karst development. In the red-layer area, the water inflow is small. However, the water-inrush of the Jang high-speed Feixianguan-guan red-layer tunnel, with the water inflow of 150,000 m3/ d, is very rare. In addition, the research on the red-layer tunnel is very rare, especially the research of the tunnel of the king-bed water-red layer is almost no, and the special geological conditions are typical in the synclinal structure of the tunnel, and the research on the Feixianguan Tunnel can be used to fill the gap in this topic in China. Therefore, firstly, the water temperature, water chemical analysis and cluster analysis method are used to judge that the surface water and the water in the tunnel are not the same hydraulic system, and it is concluded that the water inflow of the tunnel is related to the surface water system. in addition, that water chemical trace analysis method is adopt to carry out the heavy metal hydrochemical correlation analysis on the typical spring point of the tunnel water, the surface river and each hydrological unit to obtain the high correlation between the water inflow of the tunnel and the surface river, and the tunnel water inflow and the surface river have the same heavy metal ion, It is determined that the water in the tunnel is in hydraulic connection with the surface river. Through the analysis of the theory, the water inflow of the tunnel is mainly supplied by the strong permeable layer of the interlayer dislocation zone, and the supply source is the two seepage modes of the cis-layer and the original-yang river, and the two seepage modes of the smooth layer and the smooth layer are existed. The instantaneous high pressure at the beginning of the water inrush in the tunnel is caused by the high water head on the side of the starting-yang river. In order to verify the results of the analysis of the water inflow in the tunnel, the hydrogeologic features of the tunnel under the two seepage modes of the shaft and the shaft are studied. In the physical simulation test, a case-by-case simulation of the water inflow of the tunnel is carried out, and the correlation between the water inflow attenuation equation of each test group and the actual water inflow attenuation equation of the tunnel is simulated, and the characteristic of the water inflow in the tunnel is discussed. The source and mechanism of water inrush from Feixianguan Tunnel were discussed, and the following conclusions were obtained: (1) The main water source of the tunnel was determined according to the water temperature, water chemistry and systematic cluster analysis. (2) The geological structure in the study area is complicated, and a large amount of cracks and crevices are generated, and a complex multi-layer (sandstone layer) fracture water storage and water guide network are formed. (3) There is a good agreement between the physical simulation test and the actual geological body, the real reproduction and the simulation of the geological body are carried out, the physical simulation test process is real and reliable, and the obtained data is real and reliable. (4) In the process of water inflow of Feixianguan Tunnel, there are two kinds of water-bursting modes around the shaft, and there is an interlaminar fault zone. (5) The water flow is mainly discharged to the tunnel through the inter-layer cross-moving belt, which is the main channel of the tunnel water inflow, and there is an advantage channel in the water inflow of the tunnel, and the water flow is in hydraulic connection with the surface river. (6) The main source of water in the initial water of Feixianguan Tunnel is from the static reserve of the groundwater in the geological body. With the discharge of the static reserves, the water of the tunnel is gradually taken as the main source of the surface river. The river is the main source of water, and the beginning of the river is the source of the secondary water. (7) the initial high pressure is a high water head from one side of the initial yanghe river, and the water inflow is generated at the moment of the tunnel construction to expose the main network of the bedrock, so that the differential pressure of the water body in the rock mass is caused to pass through in the form of an inverted siphon, and the phenomenon of instantaneous high-pressure gushing is caused, And then the water pressure is quickly released. (8) In the red-layer area, large-scale water-inrush may occur under some special and complicated geological conditions, which is not traditionally regarded as the red-layer area and the water-poor area. And the water-inrush of the red-layer tunnel also has its own characteristics, which is significantly different from that of the large-scale water-inrush tunnel, such as the traditional karst.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U457

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