航海业中的人因错误

发布时间：2021-10-17 02:27

　　现在,世界上80%以上的货物是由商船运输的。考虑到整个海洋还部署了大量的军舰,可以看出海洋现在已经变得相当“拥挤”,人类以及自身的行动是大量军事事故发生的根本原因。（一）荷兰对100名海上伤亡人员进行的一项研究发现,100起事故中有96起是人为失误造成的。（二）根据英国保护与赔偿俱乐部（UK P&I）的数据,人为失误每年给航运业造成5.41亿美元的损失。（三）84-88%的油轮事故是人为失误造成的。（四）79%的拖船搁浅是人为失误造成的。（五）80%以上的海上事故是由人为因素和组织因素引起或影响的。（六）89-96%的船舶碰撞是人为失误造成的.本研究的目的是介绍人为失误的概念,以及为控制这一问题而实施的海上安全措施。主要包括以下几个关键领域:人为错误的影响因素,人为错误的人为因素、事故的相同特征、国际的相关法律、安全行驶的管理方法和干预措施。首先在第一章进行背景介绍。第二章陈述人类错误的定义,区分了人类因素和人为错误,通过强调每种错误类型发生的情况和HFACS评级过程的描述,将人为失误进行分类。第三章中,我们讨论了普遍存在的问题。ISM准则处理安全绩效方面的组织控制,然后根据因... 

【文章来源】：中国矿业大学江苏省 211工程院校 教育部直属院校

【文章页数】：88 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
致谢
摘要
Abstract
详细摘要
Extended Abstract
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction
    1.1 Background
    1.2 Objectives of the Study
    1.3 Methodology
    1.4 Limitations of the Study
    1.5 Plan of the Study
2 Basic Knowledge and Literature Review
    2.1 Overview
    2.2 Maritime Accidents
    2.3 Human Error Definition
    2.4 Theories of Causation
        2.4.1 Domino Theory
        2.4.2 Knowledge-,Rule-,and Skill-Based Behavior
        2.4.3 Swiss Cheese Model
    2.5 Human Factors Analysis Classification System (HFACS) Framework by DoD
        2.5.1 Acts (First Level )
        2.5.2 Preconditions (Second Level)
        2.5.3 Supervision (Third Level)
        2.5.4 Organizational Influences (Forth Level)
    2.6 SHEL Model
    2.7 Summary
3 Analysis Model and Case Studies
    3.1 The International Safety Management Code (ISM Code)
    3.2 ISM Code Integration into the HFACS Model
    3.3 Case 1 Study
        3.3.1 The Accident of Qinfeng 128
        3.3.2 The Official Investigatory Report
        3.3.3 Analyze with HFACS Framework
        3.3.4 Findings by Further Analysis Using HFACS Model
    3.4 Case 2 Study
        3.4.1 The Accident of Estonia
        3.4.2 The Joint Accident Investigation Commission Report
        3.4.3 Analyze with HFACS Framework
        3.4.4 Findings by Further Analysis Using HFACS Model
    3.5 Summary
4 Improving Maritime Safety through Managing Human Error
    4.1 Overall Solutions for Reducing Human Error
    4.2 Focusing Areas on Reducing Human Error
        4.2.1 Improving Education and Training Methodology
        4.2.2 Developing a Communication Culture
        4.2.3 Using Modern Technology
    4.3 Consistent Process of Reducing Human Error
        4.3.1 Tasks and Function Analyzing
        4.3.2 Tasks and Critical Functions Detecting
        4.3.3 Data Collection of Critical Error Situations
        4.3.4 Human Error Causes Analyzing and Constraints on Error Reduction
        4.3.5 Identify Potential Solutions to Errors
        4.3.6 Mock up Potential Solutions
        4.3.7 Selection and Implementation of Solutions
        4.3.8 Evaluation of Solutions
    4.4 Summary
5 Conclusions and Recommendations
    5.1 Summary
    5.2 Recommendations
    5.3 Future Work
References
作者简历
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