基于模糊PID控制的光伏发电系统MPPT技术的研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 19:31

  本文选题：太阳能 + 光伏电池　； 参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,经济的快速发展导致全球能源逐渐紧张,环境污染问题日益严重。清洁可再生的太阳能作为一种新型的绿色能源,以其取之不尽,用之不竭的诸多优点,逐渐受到人们的关注。目前,光伏发电系统所面临的主要问题是太阳能电池的输出具有强烈的非线性,并且光转换效率低。因此,通过在光伏电池和负载间加入最大功率跟踪控制器,可达到提高太阳能利用效率的目的。本文的研究对象为太阳能光伏电池的最大功率点跟踪问题,主要研究内容如下:1、介绍了太阳能电池的发电原理及工作特性,并在光伏电池等效电路的基础上研究了其工程模型;利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件搭建了光伏电池的数学模型,运行仿真得到了光伏电池的输出特性曲线,通过特性曲线对光伏电池最大功率点在不同环境时的变化进行总结;2、对光伏电池最大功率点跟踪技术的原理进行了重点分析,通过对现有常见的最大功率点跟踪方法,诸如恒定电压法、电导增量法及扰动观察法等多种控制方式的研究,得出它们的优缺点;针对其缺点,给出了一种基于PID控制的最大功率点跟踪策略,并设计了 PID控制模块;3、概述了模糊控制的特点和基本原理,并详细介绍了模糊控制器的设计过程,提出了一种基于模糊控制的光伏发电最大功率点跟踪方法,利用MATLAB仿真软件中的模糊逻辑工具箱,搭建了光伏系统模糊控制器仿真模型;4、针对模糊控制法存在跟踪MPP不稳定的缺点,将模糊控制与PID控制结合,设计了模糊PID控制器,运行仿真得出了模糊PID控制下光伏电池的输出功率曲线,比较分析了扰动观察法、传统模糊控制法和模糊PID控制法下MPP的跟踪性能。仿真结果表明:当外界条件突变时,扰动观察法由于计算量比较大,导致跟踪速度较慢,且跟踪稳定性较差;从传统模糊控制的仿真结果可以看出,虽然最大功率点的跟踪速度有了一定改善,但是防止系统振荡的能力欠佳;而基于模糊PID控制的方法在外界条件变化时,能够快速实现最大功率点的跟踪,并且跟踪性能稳定,基本满足工程实践的需求。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid development of economy has led to the global energy gradually tense, environmental pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. As a new type of green energy, clean and renewable solar energy has been paid more and more attention with its inexhaustible advantages. At present, the main problem of photovoltaic power generation system is that the output of solar cells is strongly nonlinear, and the optical conversion efficiency is low. Therefore, the solar energy efficiency can be improved by adding the maximum power tracking controller between the photovoltaic cell and the load. The research object of this paper is the maximum power point tracking problem of solar photovoltaic cells. The main research contents are as follows: 1. The principle and working characteristics of solar cells are introduced, and the engineering model is studied on the basis of the equivalent circuit of photovoltaic cells. The mathematical model of photovoltaic cell is built by using MATLAB/Simulink simulation software, and the output characteristic curve of photovoltaic cell is obtained by running simulation. The change of maximum power point of photovoltaic cell in different environment is summarized by characteristic curve, and the principle of maximum power point tracking technology is analyzed emphatically, and the common methods of maximum power point tracking are analyzed. Several control methods, such as constant voltage method, conductance increment method and disturbance observation method, are studied, their advantages and disadvantages are obtained, and a maximum power point tracking strategy based on PID control is presented. The PID control module is designed, the characteristics and basic principle of fuzzy control are summarized, the design process of fuzzy controller is introduced in detail, and a method of maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic power generation based on fuzzy control is proposed. Using the fuzzy logic toolbox of MATLAB simulation software, the simulation model of fuzzy controller for photovoltaic system is built. Aiming at the disadvantage of tracking MPP instability in fuzzy control method, a fuzzy PID controller is designed by combining fuzzy control with PID control. The output power curve of photovoltaic cell under fuzzy PID control is obtained by running simulation, and the tracking performance of MPP under disturbance observation method, traditional fuzzy control method and fuzzy PID control method is compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that when the external conditions are abrupt, the tracking speed is slow and the tracking stability is poor due to the large amount of calculation, and the simulation results of the traditional fuzzy control show that, Although the tracking speed of the maximum power point has been improved to some extent, the ability to prevent the system from oscillating is poor, and the method based on fuzzy PID control can quickly realize the tracking of the maximum power point when the external conditions change, and the tracking performance is stable. Basically meet the needs of engineering practice.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM615

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