中国电力生产行业市场化改革—从全要素生产率角度

发布时间：2018-03-18 21:18

本文选题：全要素生产率　切入点：电力生产　出处：《复旦大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文选取1998年-2007年电力生产行业企业层面的数据,对电力行业体制改革及其后八年的发电企业发展情况进行微观测量。通过实证研究测度电力生产行业在此区间全要素生产率的变化,尝试探讨体制改革对电力生产企业的影响,并对后续的改革提供思路及建议。本文首先通过新中国建立后至今的中国电力行业企业的所有权变化,政府监管职能变化等角度,对电力生产市场化改革划分为尝试与深化两个阶段分别进行观察。本文从样本量较大,数据较为完备的中国工业企业调查数据库中选取了电力生产行业1999年-2007年这8年间的数据进行实证分析,分别使用了传统最小二乘估计、面板固定效应模型、Olley Pakes方法和Levinsohn Petriny方法进行横向对比分析。在具体实证过程中尝试通过区分所有权来分别对国有控股电力生产企业和非国有控股电力生产企业做出观察,并针对电力生产行业的4个细分子行业进行了深入的观察。并针对电力行业市场化改革的具体推进情况,对实证分析结果划分为两阶段进行纵向对比分析。通过以上的微观观察,尝试探讨电力体制改革从尝试到具体推行后对我国电力生产企业全要素生产率的影响,并试图刻画出全要素生产率的变化情况及其原因。本文通过对电力生产行业全要素生产率的估算,结合实际情况进行分析后得出的研究结果表明。在电力行业从尝试到推行市场化改革后的两个阶段来看,无论是电力生产行业整体来看,还是从区分所有制的情况以及深入到各细分子行业来看,其全要素生产率确实都得到了提高,然而提高的速度较为缓慢且平稳,说明改革对电力生产行业全要素生产率的影响并不明显或尚未表现出来。另外,国有控股电力生产企业与非国有控股电力生产企业的全要素生产率虽然较低,但是开始出现收敛的趋势,而非国有控股企业全要素生产率在阶段末期增速极大放缓的情况可能是改革推进不彻底所致。另外从细分子行业的情况来看,水力发电与火力发电企业的全要素生产率增速相当平稳且缓慢,而核力发电与其他能源发电的全要素生产率则表现出较为剧烈的波动。对于核力发电来说,其主要受政府管制,受政策影响较大。而对于其他能源等新能源发电,得益于全球技术扩散及政府的大力补贴扶持,虽然经历了周期性的衰退但是很快恢复并继续增长。本文通过实证结果与实际相结合,得出电力行业市场化改革的不彻底,售电端实际上仍处于国家垄断,政府对电价实际上仍处于管制状态等因素是制约电力生产行业发展的重要影响因素。针对上述原因,本文分别对电力生产行业各个细分子行业的发展提供了改革思路及建议。其中,本文认为发电与售电端完全竞争,输配电可进行一定管制是最为合理的改革方向。
[Abstract]:This paper selects the data from 1998 to 2007 at the enterprise level in the electric power production industry. This paper makes a microcosmic measurement of the system reform of the power industry and the development of the power generation enterprises in the following eight years. Through the empirical study, the paper measures the change of the total factor productivity of the electric power production industry in this period, and attempts to explore the influence of the system reform on the power production enterprises. At first, through the changes in the ownership of Chinese electric power industry enterprises and the changes of government supervision functions since the founding of new China, this paper provides some ideas and suggestions for the subsequent reform. The reform of electric power production marketization is divided into two stages: try and deepen. In the survey database of China's industrial enterprises, the data from 1999 to 2007 are selected for empirical analysis, and the traditional least square estimation is used respectively. The panel fixed effect model, Olley Pakes method and Levinsohn Petriny method, are compared and analyzed horizontally. In the concrete demonstration process, we try to observe the state-owned and non-state-owned holding power production enterprises respectively by distinguishing ownership. It also makes a deep observation on the four fine molecular industries in the electric power production industry, and aims at the specific progress of the market-oriented reform of the electric power industry. The results of empirical analysis are divided into two stages. Through the above microscopic observation, this paper attempts to explore the impact of the reform of power system on the total factor productivity (TFP) of Chinese electric power production enterprises from trial to implementation. This paper attempts to depict the change of total factor productivity and its causes. According to the analysis of the actual situation, the research results show that in the two stages of electric power industry from trying to implement market-oriented reform, whether it is the power production industry as a whole, Or in terms of differentiating ownership and going deep into various fine molecular industries, the total factor productivity has indeed improved, but the pace of improvement has been slow and steady. It shows that the impact of the reform on the total factor productivity of the electric power production industry is not obvious or has not yet been shown. In addition, although the total factor productivity of the state-owned holding power production enterprises and the non-state-owned holding power production enterprises is relatively low, However, the trend of convergence is beginning to appear, and the sharp slowdown in the growth rate of total factor productivity of non-state-owned holding enterprises at the end of the phase may be due to the incomplete progress of reform. In addition, from the perspective of the fine molecular industry, The total factor productivity growth rate of hydropower and thermal power plants is fairly steady and slow, while the total factor productivity of nuclear power generation and other sources of electricity is fluctuating sharply. For nuclear power generation, it is mainly regulated by the government. Power generation from new sources of energy, such as other sources of energy, has benefited from global technology diffusion and strong government subsidies. Although it experienced a cyclical recession, it quickly recovered and continued to grow. By combining the empirical results with the actual situation, this paper concludes that the market reform of the power industry is not complete, and the power sale end is still in the state monopoly. Factors such as the government's control over electricity prices are important factors that restrict the development of the power production industry. In view of the above reasons, In this paper, the reform ideas and suggestions for the development of various fine molecular industries in electric power production industry are provided, among which, it is considered that the most reasonable reform direction is the complete competition between generation and sale, and the possibility of certain regulation of transmission and distribution.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61

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