纳米结构金表面等离子体效应在硅基杂化太阳能电池中的应用

发布时间：2018-04-16 14:10

本文选题：杂化太阳能电池 + 表面等离子体效应　；参考：《苏州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：有机无机杂化太阳电池因其能够结合无机材料高稳定性,高载流子迁移率和有机材料低成本,制备简单,能带可调等优势,有望在未来光伏产业中扮演重要角色。其中,有机硅基杂化电池,近五年来其发展速度迅速,最高光电转换效率已超过17%。对于这类杂化电池,为了减少入射光的反射,提高吸光效率,主要通过将平面硅片刻蚀为硅纳米结构或者引入氮化硅等减反层。但是,硅纳米结构的制备相对复杂,而且表面纳米结构化增加了硅的表面积,会引入更多的缺陷态,载流子的表面复合速率比较高。而减反层的制备一般是用等离子体增强化学气相沉积,这种成膜方法会对有机层造成损伤,从而影响电池性能。这些问题促使研究人员不断开发新的光俘获技术,于是在纳光子学和光伏两个交叉领域出现了利用金属纳米结构的表面等离子体增强效应来提升太阳电池的光俘获性能这一研究热点。在这里我们引入了具有纳米结构的金属,探索了金属纳米结构的表面等离子体共振效应对有机无机杂化太阳能电池的影响。基于上述的思路,全文主要内容如下:第一章主要介绍了太阳能电池的研究背景,简单概述了表面等离子子体的基本原理,以及其在太阳能电池领域的应用。第二章介绍了不同粒径的金纳米颗粒,沉积在杂化太阳能电池有机层中,研究其对电池性能的影响。金纳米颗粒的等离子体效应受尺寸、形状、环境介质和浓度等影响,因此本论文探究了20 nm,40 nm和80 nm三种粒径的金纳米颗粒,通过时域有限差分法对其在不同介质中的光学性能进行了理论分析,研究了在杂化太阳能电池中光学性能。第三章介绍了氧化石墨烯金纳米颗粒复合物掺杂对杂化电池的影响。我们为了提高金纳米颗粒的分散性,引入了氧化石墨烯作为模板,解决了金纳米颗粒在高浓度下发生团聚的问题。对单独氧化石墨烯掺杂的器件和氧化石墨烯金纳米颗粒复合物掺杂的器件进行对比分析,探究其光俘获和近场增强效应在电池中的应用。第四章探讨了金纳米棒表面等离子体共振特性对有机-无机杂化太阳能电池性能的改善。硅的带隙为1.12 eV,波长大于1200 nm的光很难被硅吸收利用,于是合成了高长径比的金纳米棒,其纵向共振吸收峰在近红外波段,引入热电子注入机制,即当金纳米棒与入射光发生共振耦合,金纳米棒表面的自由电子激发,当热电子能量高于金棒与硅形成的肖特基势垒时,热电子便会注入到硅中,形成光电流,从而增加电池对太阳光谱中的近红外光的充分利用。
[Abstract]:Organic and inorganic hybrid solar cells are expected to play an important role in the future photovoltaic industry due to their advantages such as high stability of inorganic materials, high carrier mobility, low cost of organic materials, simple preparation and adjustable ability.The organic silicon hybrid battery has developed rapidly in the past five years, and the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency has exceeded 17.For this kind of hybrid cells, in order to reduce the reflection of incident light and improve the absorption efficiency, the plane silicon wafer is etched into silicon nanostructure or silicon nitride antireflection layer is introduced.However, the preparation of silicon nanostructures is relatively complex, and the surface nanostructure increases the surface area of silicon, leading to the introduction of more defect states, and the surface recombination rate of carriers is relatively high.The antireflection layer is usually prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, which will damage the organic layer and affect the performance of the battery.These problems have prompted researchers to develop new light-trapping technologies,Therefore, in the field of nanophotonics and photovoltaics, there is a research focus on how to improve the phototrapping performance of solar cells by using the surface plasma enhancement effect of metal nanostructures.The influence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metal nanostructures on organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells was investigated.Based on the above ideas, the main contents of this paper are as follows: in chapter 1, the research background of solar cells is introduced, and the basic principle of surface plasma subbody and its application in solar cell field are briefly summarized.In chapter 2, gold nanoparticles with different sizes were deposited in the organic layer of hybrid solar cells. The effect of gold nanoparticles on the performance of hybrid solar cells was studied.The plasma effect of gold nanoparticles is influenced by size, shape, environmental medium and concentration.The optical properties of the hybrid solar cells in different media are theoretically analyzed by the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD), and the optical properties in hybrid solar cells are studied.In chapter 3, the effect of graphene oxide gold nanoparticles doping on hybrid batteries is introduced.In order to improve the dispersion of gold nanoparticles, graphene oxide was introduced as a template to solve the agglomeration of gold nanoparticles at high concentration.The phototrapping and near-field enhancement effects of graphene oxide doped devices and graphene oxide gold nanoparticles doped devices were compared and analyzed.In chapter 4, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of gold nanorods is discussed to improve the performance of organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells.The band gap of silicon is 1.12 EV, and it is very difficult for silicon to absorb the light with wavelength greater than 1200 nm. Therefore, gold nanorods with high aspect ratio have been synthesized. The longitudinal resonance absorption peak of gold nanorods is in the near infrared band, and the hot electron injection mechanism is introduced.That is, when the gold nanorods are resonantly coupled with the incident light and the free electrons on the surface of the gold nanorods are excited, when the hot electron energy is higher than the Schottky barrier formed between the gold rods and the silicon, the hot electrons will be injected into the silicon to form photocurrent.Thus, the full utilization of near-infrared light in the solar spectrum can be increased by the battery.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1;TM914.4

【共引文献】