三相电流型PWM整流器的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-05-15 19:45

本文选题：功率因数校正 + 电流型PWM整流器　；参考：《南京航空航天大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：谐波和功率因数是主要的电能质量问题，其治理方法是电力电子领域一个重要的研究热点，PWM整流器作为功率因数校正方法之一，克服了传统整流器能量单向流动、低功率因数、高谐波含量以及可控性差等缺点，已逐渐应用于国民经济中各个部门。PWM整流器按输出源特性可分为电压型与电流型PWM整流器两类，相对于电压型PWM整流器，电流型PWM整流器发展较晚，但近年随着器件、调制及控制的发展，具有内在电流限制能力的电流型PWM整流器应用范围越来越广，主要应用在电机驱动、超导储能、脉冲电源、感应加热以及新能源发电等场合。顺应发展趋势，本文针对三相电流型PWM整流器及其控制等进行研究。本文首先针对三相电流型PWM整流器的电路拓扑本质进行分析，得出电压型PWM整流器与电流型PWM整流器电路本质的衍生过程，而且还从控制目标的角度分析了电流型PWM整流器的工作原理，并建立了基于dq坐标系下的数学模型，在数学模型的基础上对三相电流型PWM整流器进行静态特性分析，总结出其内在运行规律。此外还着重对信号发生技术与器件应力进行探索分析，得出信号发生技术的设计方法、电流型PWM整流器的缓冲电路设计依据以及功率半导体器件的损耗分布情况等结论。本文还重点对三相电流型PWM整流器的功率因数运行能力以及有源阻尼控制进行研究与仿真分析。功率因数运行能力不仅与负载类型及大小、调制比、负载电流与LC滤波器参数有关，而且还与控制方法密切相关，，通过MATLAB仿真得出四种控制方法功率因数运行能力的优劣顺序。对于有源阻尼控制的研究是在总结所有无源阻尼方案的阻尼特性与滤波特性基础上发展的，提出了共计16种基于虚拟阻抗的有源阻尼控制策略，并且分析总结了各方法的特点及其之间的一般性，通过仿真验证了所述有源阻尼控制策略的有效性，且从仿真结果中总结出基于不同无源阻尼方案、不同反馈电量、不同阻尼电阻大小与功率因数运行能力之间的规律。本文最后设计了3kW三相电流型PWM整流器的硬件与软件系统，并提出一种实现叠流时间的新方法，能获取更高的叠流时间精度。在实验系统的基础上，进行了三相电流型PWM整流器的开环实验、闭环稳态实验以及动态实验，总结出闭环实验的稳态结果，实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。
[Abstract]:Harmonic and power factor are the main power quality problems. Its treatment method is an important research hotspot in the field of power electronics. As one of the power factor correction methods, it overcomes the unidirectional flow of energy and low power factor of the traditional rectifier. Because of the disadvantages of high harmonic content and poor controllability, the PWM rectifier has been gradually used in various sectors of the national economy. According to the characteristics of the output source, it can be divided into two categories: voltage source and current source PWM rectifier, relative to the voltage source PWM rectifier. Current-source PWM rectifier developed late, but in recent years, with the development of device, modulation and control, the application of current-source PWM rectifier with inherent current-limiting capability is becoming wider and wider. It is mainly used in motor drive, superconducting energy storage, pulse power supply, etc. Induction heating and new energy generation and other occasions. According to the trend of development, this paper studies the three-phase current-source PWM rectifier and its control. In this paper, the circuit topology nature of three-phase current-source PWM rectifier is analyzed firstly, and the derivation process of the circuit essence of voltage-source PWM rectifier and current-source PWM rectifier is obtained. Moreover, the working principle of current-source PWM rectifier is analyzed from the point of view of control objective, and the mathematical model based on DQ coordinate system is established. Based on the mathematical model, the static characteristics of three-phase current-source PWM rectifier are analyzed. Summed up its internal operation law. In addition, the signal generation technology and the stress of the device are analyzed, and the design method of the signal generation technology, the design basis of the buffer circuit of the current-source PWM rectifier and the loss distribution of the power semiconductor device are obtained. This paper also focuses on the power factor operation capability and active damping control of three-phase current-source PWM rectifier. The operation ability of power factor is not only related to the load type and size, modulation ratio, load current and LC filter parameters, but also closely related to the control method. Through MATLAB simulation, the order of power factor running ability of four control methods is obtained. The research of active damping control is based on summing up the damping characteristics and filtering characteristics of all passive damping schemes. A total of 16 active damping control strategies based on virtual impedance are proposed. The characteristics of each method and the generality between them are analyzed and summarized. The effectiveness of the active damping control strategy is verified by simulation, and the different feedback quantity based on different passive damping schemes is concluded from the simulation results. The law between different damping resistance and power factor operation ability. In the end, the hardware and software system of 3kW three-phase current-source PWM rectifier is designed, and a new method to realize stack time is proposed, which can obtain higher precision of stack time. On the basis of the experimental system, the open-loop experiment, closed-loop steady state experiment and dynamic experiment of three-phase current-source PWM rectifier are carried out, and the steady state results of the closed-loop experiment are summarized. The experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM461

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