基于电场耦合原理的电压测量装置设计研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 22:13

本文选题：电压测量 + 电场耦合　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：电压测量是电力系统运行中的重要环节，在电能计量、继电保护以及自动化设备控制等方面都具有举足轻重的影响，保证其准确度与可靠性对维护电能贸易结算公平、保证电网安全运行以及推动智能电网的发展都具有重要意义。传统的电压互感器由于在体积、重量、绝缘成本、稳态测量精度以及暂态响应速度等方面的缺陷，已经开始越来越不适应智能电网的发展趋势。本文基于电场耦合原理，提出了一种新的电压传感器，期待在此基础上发展一种非接触式电力设备电压测量方法。本文的主要工作体现在以下几个方面： ①提出了通过电场耦合原理来实现电力设备电压测量的新思路，并通过理论推导证明了其可行性。在此基础上研究了电场耦合传感器的基本测量原理，并分析了其频率特性，提出了适合于电力系统应用的传感器工作模式，为传感器的设计与优化提供了理论基础。 ②提出了差动输入结构与多重电极并联结构，用于解决电场耦合电压传感器在电力系统电压测量中面临的一系列问题。分析了由于参数扰动引起的传感器误差，并在此基础上提出了传感器的优化目标与优化策略。通过电磁场有限元计算软件Ansoft Maxwell对传感器进行建模与仿真，，计算得到了最优化的传感器结构设计参数。为保证传感器参数的标准化和一致性，传感器被制作成为印刷电路板的形式用于后续试验验证。 ③设计了测量硬件电路，用于传感器输出测量电压的信号调理与数字化采集。利用图形编程开发软件LabVIEW编写了PC端软件程序，具有良好的人机操作界面，实现了对采集数据的图形化显示、分析和保存。通过WIFI网络与UDP协议实现了硬件测量电路与PC端软件之间数据、指令的通讯。 ④搭建了用于进行传感器校正与误差试验的试验校验平台。在完成传感器误差校正的基础上，通过与作为标准器的示波器高压探头比对，在试验校验平台上实现了对传感器稳态准确度和暂态响应速度的测试。结果显示，传感器可以达到0.5级的计量电压互感器准确度，并能够快速反应一次电压的变化情况。符合智能电网测量传感器智能化、小型化、便捷化的发展需要。
[Abstract]:Voltage measurement is an important link in the operation of power system. It plays an important role in electric energy measurement, relay protection and automation equipment control, which ensures its accuracy and reliability to maintain the fairness of electricity trade settlement. It is of great significance to ensure the safe operation of power grid and to promote the development of smart grid. Traditional voltage transformers have become more and more unsuitable for the development trend of smart grid due to their defects in volume, weight, insulation cost, steady-state measurement accuracy and transient response speed. Based on the principle of electric field coupling, a new voltage sensor is proposed in this paper. It is expected to develop a non-contact voltage measurement method for power equipment. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1 A new idea to realize the voltage measurement of power equipment by the principle of electric field coupling is put forward, and its feasibility is proved by theoretical deduction. On this basis, the basic measurement principle of electric field coupling sensor is studied, and its frequency characteristic is analyzed, and the working mode of sensor suitable for power system application is put forward. It provides a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the sensor. 2. The differential input structure and the parallel structure of multiple electrodes are proposed to solve a series of problems faced by the electric field coupled voltage sensor in power system voltage measurement. The sensor error caused by parameter disturbance is analyzed, and the optimization target and optimization strategy are proposed. The sensor is modeled and simulated by the electromagnetic field finite element software Ansoft Maxwell, and the optimum structural design parameters of the sensor are obtained. In order to ensure the standardization and consistency of sensor parameters, the sensor is made into a printed circuit board for subsequent test verification. Signal conditioning and digital acquisition for sensor output voltage measurement. The software program of PC is written with LabVIEW, which has a good man-machine interface and realizes the graphical display, analysis and preservation of the collected data. Through WiFi network and UDP protocol, the data and instruction communication between the hardware measuring circuit and the PC software is realized. 4 the experimental verification platform for sensor correction and error test is built. On the basis of the error correction of the sensor, the steady-state accuracy and transient response speed of the sensor are tested on the test platform by comparing with the high-voltage probe of the oscilloscope as the standard device. The results show that the sensor can achieve the accuracy of 0.5 level measurement voltage transformer, and can quickly respond to the change of primary voltage. Meet the smart grid measurement sensor intelligence, miniaturization, convenient development needs.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM933.2

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