导电多层膜的层层自组装及其电学、电化学及光伏性能研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 20:33

本文选题：静电层层自组装 + 染料敏化太阳电池　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：能源是全球长期关注的热点之一。随着化石燃料储量的急剧减少及其过量使用对环境产生的显著危害，可使得再生能源，如风能、水能、核电等，越来越受到世界各国的重视。但它们的应用很大程度上受到地理因素的制约，且需要高昂的设备及维护成本。相比之下，太阳能因其来源广、无污染等优点应用受到了广泛的关注，具有远大的应用前景。对电极作为太阳能电池中重要的组成部分，显著影响光伏参数中的填充因子(FF)，通过增加对电极的反应面积，可有效地提高反应速率，从而进一步提升染料敏化太阳能电池的效率。1991年，Decher发展了一种基于阴、阳聚电解质间静电作用为推动力的制备多层膜的层层自组装法，这种方法制成的多层膜具有较大的比表面积及不同的界面，其在对电极上有良好的应用前景。本论文旨在采用静电自组装的方法制备高导电性高催化性多层膜，研究其导电机理，并将其应用于染料敏化太阳能电池的对电极，促进层层自组装法在染料敏化太阳能电池对电极中的应用。在论文的第二章中，采用聚乙烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)和氧化石墨烯(GO)进行静电自组装制备(PDDA/GO)n导电多层膜。实验表明(PDDA/GO)n导电多层膜的生长方式为均匀线性生长，每一层PDDA/GO导电多层膜的厚度基本一致。(PDDA/GO)n导电多层膜在硫酸溶液介质中的氧化还原反应受扩散作用控制。同时，(PDDA/GO)n导电多层膜的氧化还原中的电荷转移由膜内的电荷扩散所控制。(PDDA/GO)n导电多层膜的膜电阻几乎不随双层数发生改变，但(PDDA/GO)n导电多层膜的电导率随双层数的增加呈现线性增加的趋势，这表明随着双层数的增加，表面电荷的积累也呈现线性趋势，表现出电子隧穿效应。光电性能测试表明(PDDA/GO)n导电多层膜的光电流响应高度依赖于双层膜的沉积周期，且光电流密度随着沉积周期的增多而迅速增加。这表明光激发电子同样具有从GO层底部转移到顶部的电子隧穿效应。这个独特的性质在DSSC的对电极中将具有很好的应用。在论文的第三章中，利用与第二章类似的静电自组装的方法，成功地实现了导电聚合物聚吡咯(PPy)与氧化石墨烯(GO)的层层自组装。实验结果表明，(PPy/GO)n导电多层膜的生长方式为均匀线性生长。(PPy/GO)n导电多层膜在硫酸溶液介质中的氧化还原反应受扩散作用控制。同时，(PPy/GO)n导电多层膜的氧化还原中的电荷转移由膜内的电荷扩散所控制。(PPy/GO)n导电多层膜的膜电阻不随双层数的增加而改变，但其电导率随之呈线性增加的趋势，表现出电子隧穿效应。(PPy/GO)n导电多层膜对电解液的催化性能随双层数的增加而增加，且其导电性能也随之增加，完全符合染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC)对电极的性能要求。将(PPy/GO)n自组装导电多层膜作为对电极测试其电池效率，电池效率随双层数的增加而增加，最高效率为4.86％。采用静电自组装的方法制备了(PDDA/GO)n导电多层膜和(PPy/GO)n导电多层膜，研究了导电多层膜的电学、电化学及光伏性能，，并将(PPy/GO)n导电多层膜应用于DSSC对电极。将静电自组装方法应用于DSSC，促进DSSC对电极的发展。
[Abstract]:Energy is one of the hot spots in the world. With the sharp decrease of fossil fuel reserves and its significant harm to the environment, renewable energy, such as wind energy, water energy, nuclear power, etc., are being paid more and more attention from all countries in the world. But their application is restricted by geographical factors and needs high setting. In contrast, the application of solar energy because of its wide source and no pollution has attracted wide attention and has a great prospect of application. As an important component of solar cells, the electrode has a significant influence on the filling factor (FF) in the photovoltaic parameters, and the reaction area can be effectively enhanced through increasing the reaction area of the electrode. Rate, thus further enhancing the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells in.1991 years, Decher developed a multilayer layer self-assembly method based on the electrostatic action of negative and positive polyelectrolytes, which has a larger specific surface area and different interfaces. It has a good application on the electrode. The purpose of this thesis is to prepare high conductivity and high catalytic multilayer films by electrostatic self-assembly, and to study the conductive mechanism and apply them to the electrode of dye sensitized solar cells to promote the application of layer self assembly in the electrode of dye sensitized solar cells.
In the second chapter of the thesis, the electrostatic self assembly (PDDA/GO) N conductive multilayer films are prepared by electrostatic self assembly (PDDA/GO) n using polyethylene propyl two methyl ammonium chloride (PDDA) and graphene oxide (GO). The experiment shows that the growth mode of (PDDA/GO) N conductive multilayer film is uniform linear growth, and the thickness of each layer of PDDA/GO conducting multilayer film is basically the same. (PDDA/GO) n conducting multilayer film The redox reaction in the medium of sulphuric acid solution is controlled by the diffusion effect. At the same time, the charge transfer in the redox of (PDDA/GO) N conductive multilayer film is controlled by the charge diffusion in the membrane. The film resistance of (PDDA/GO) N conductive multilayer film is almost not changed with the double layer number, but the conductivity of (PDDA/GO) N conductive multilayer film increases with the number of two layers The trend of linear increase shows that the accumulation of surface charge also shows a linear trend with the increase of the number of double layers. The photoelectric performance test shows that the photocurrent response of the (PDDA/GO) N conductive multilayer film is highly dependent on the deposition period of the double layer membrane, and the photocurrent density increases rapidly with the increase of the deposition period. Addition. This table shows the electron tunneling effect from the bottom of the GO layer to the top. This unique property will be well applied to the electrode of the DSSC.
In the third chapter of the paper, the layer self assembly of conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) and graphene oxide (GO) is successfully realized by the method of electrostatic self-assembly similar to the second chapter. The experimental results show that the growth mode of (PPy/GO) N conductive multilayer film is uniform linear growth. (PPy/GO) n conductive multilayer film in the sulfuric acid solution medium oxygen The redox reaction is controlled by the diffusion effect. At the same time, the charge transfer in the redox of (PPy/GO) N conductive multilayer film is controlled by the charge diffusion in the membrane. The film resistance of (PPy/GO) N conductive multilayer film does not change with the increase of the number of two layers, but its conductivity tends to increase linearly with the electron tunneling effect. (PPy/GO) n electrical conductivity. The catalytic performance of the layer film increases with the increase of the number of two layers, and its electrical conductivity increases, which is fully in line with the performance requirements of the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The efficiency of the (PPy/GO) n self assembled conductive multilayer film as the electrode is increased with the increase of the number of two layers, and the maximum efficiency is 4.8. 6%.
The (PDDA/GO) N conductive multilayer film and (PPy/GO) N conductive multilayer film were prepared by electrostatic self-assembly. The electrical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of the conductive multilayer films were studied. The (PPy/GO) N conductive multilayer film was applied to the DSSC pair electrode. The electrostatic self-assembly method was applied to DSSC to promote the development of DSSC to the electrode.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4

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