开关磁阻电机控制器硬件设计及底层驱动开发

发布时间：2018-08-11 13:43

【摘要】：开关磁阻电机的发展已有100多年，近50年是其快速发展的阶段，我国对开关磁阻电机的研究始于1984年。包含开关磁阻电机的控制系统，结合了交、直流电机调速控制系统的优点，是一种新型的电动车用调速控制系统。如今，大气的严重污染和石油资源的日渐消耗与汽车数量的激增成不对称的关系，作为家庭必选的出行工具的汽车面临巨大的压力，所以，电动汽车应运而生，电动汽车折合的油耗成本低并且环保。开关磁阻电机应用在电动汽车领域也符合时代的需要，开关磁阻电机作为电动汽车用驱动电机具有成本低、效率高、简单灵活和调速性能优秀等的优点。此外，开关磁阻电机还广泛的应用于通用工业、纺织机械、煤炭油田和家用电器等领域。因此，本文以高尔夫球车的车用驱动电机设计为背景，基于开关磁阻电机，设计控制器硬件电路以及底层驱动。本文从开关磁阻电机和车用驱动电机的研究背景、国内外发展动态和深远意义的简单介绍引出本课题的研究。通过对比分析几种车用驱动电机的优缺点，开关磁阻电机因其结构简单、气动特性好、动态响应快、效率高和调速性能好等的优点而被优先选作电动汽车的驱动电机。基于开关磁阻电机结构的非线性考虑，通过分析研究开关磁阻电机的工作原理，分析电路方程、机械方程和机电联系方程，研究线性模型、准线性模型和非线性模型。为便于分析，针对理想线性模型，分析开关磁阻电机的相电感特性、磁链特性、电流特性和电磁转矩特性，总结得出开关磁阻电机在各个速度范围内运行时的特性。其次，有三种基本方法来完成开关磁阻电机的控制：电流斩波控制、电压斩波控制和角度位置控制。通过改变开通和关断的角度，来完成电机的速度控制。总结得出了双闭环PI控制的开关磁阻电机调速控制系统：外环速度PI控制、内环电流PI控制。以高尔夫球车为应用背景，设计控制器硬件电路，，以DSP芯片F2812为主控芯片。包括外围接口电路、功率变换器主电路及其驱动电路、缓冲吸收电路、电流电压检测电路、转子位置信号检测电路、温度检测电路、CAN通信模块、电流斩波电路、电压转换电路、保护电路和人机交互接口电路。为准确获取转子的位置信号，方便计算速度，本设计选用有位置检测器。基于电机和功率变换器的成本与体积的考虑，功率变换器主电路选用三相的不对称半桥主电路，功率开关管选用场效应管MOSFET。为满足电流参数的要求，采用两个MOSFET管并联承受大电流。为实现电气隔离，控制电路和功率电路、模拟电路和数字电路等电路之间用高速光耦进行分隔。之后，给出PCB板，以及在制板过程中，布局布线的技巧，分析和改善了设计电路的可靠性。最后对电路板进行测试和分析，并对本设计进行总结和展望，指出本设计需要改进的方向和为扩展需要进行的进一步研究。
[Abstract]:The switched reluctance motor (SRM) has been developed for more than 100 years, and the last 50 years is the stage of its rapid development. The research on SRM in China began in 1984. The control system of switched reluctance motor, which combines the advantages of AC and DC motor speed control system, is a new type of speed control system for electric vehicles. Today, the serious pollution of the atmosphere and the increasing consumption of oil resources have become asymmetrical to the rapid increase in the number of cars. The car, as a necessary means of travel for families, is under tremendous pressure, so electric vehicles have emerged as the times require. Electric cars have low fuel costs and are environmentally friendly. The application of switched reluctance motor in the field of electric vehicle is also in line with the needs of the times. As a drive motor of electric vehicle, switched reluctance motor has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, simple and flexible, excellent speed regulation performance and so on. In addition, switched reluctance motors are widely used in general industry, textile machinery, coal fields and household appliances. Therefore, based on the switched reluctance motor, the hardware circuit of the controller and the bottom drive are designed based on the design of the vehicle driving motor of the golf cart. In this paper, the research background of switched reluctance motor and vehicle drive motor, the development of domestic and foreign trends and far-reaching significance of a brief introduction of this subject. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of vehicle drive motors, switched reluctance motor is selected as the driving motor of electric vehicle because of its simple structure, good aerodynamic characteristics, fast dynamic response, high efficiency and good speed regulation performance. Based on the nonlinear consideration of the structure of switched reluctance motor, the working principle, circuit equation, mechanical equation and electromechanical relation equation of switched reluctance motor are analyzed, and the linear model, quasilinear model and nonlinear model are studied. For the sake of analysis, aiming at the ideal linear model, the phase inductance, flux chain, current and electromagnetic torque characteristics of switched reluctance motor are analyzed, and the characteristics of switched reluctance motor running in various speed range are summarized. Secondly, there are three basic methods to control switched reluctance motor: current chopper control, voltage chopper control and angle position control. The speed control of the motor is accomplished by changing the angle of opening and turning off. The speed control system of switched reluctance motor (SRM) with double closed loop Pi control is summarized. The speed Pi control of outer loop and Pi control of internal loop current are obtained. The hardware circuit of the controller is designed with golf cart as the application background, and the DSP chip F2812 is used as the main control chip. It includes peripheral interface circuit, main circuit of power converter and its driving circuit, snubber circuit, current and voltage detection circuit, rotor position signal detection circuit, temperature detection circuit and can communication module, current chopping circuit, voltage conversion circuit. Protection circuit and man-machine interface circuit. In order to obtain the rotor position signal accurately and calculate the speed conveniently, the position detector is used in this design. Considering the cost and volume of motor and power converter, the main circuit of power converter is composed of three-phase asymmetrical half-bridge main circuit and power switch transistor with field effect transistor (MOSFET). In order to meet the requirements of current parameters, two MOSFET transistors are used in parallel to withstand high current. In order to achieve electrical isolation, control circuit and power circuit, analog circuit and digital circuit are separated by high speed optical coupling. After that, the PCB board and the skills of layout and wiring in the process of making the board are given, and the reliability of the design circuit is analyzed and improved. Finally, the circuit board is tested and analyzed, and the design is summarized and prospected. The direction of improvement and further research for the expansion of the design are pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM352

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