无刷直流电机的无位置传感器控制技术研究
发布时间：2018-09-05 20:12
【摘要】：随着电力电子技术和功率半导体技术的发展，无刷直流电机用电子换相代替机械换相，使无刷直流电机不但具有直流电机的调速性能，而且克服了外置式位置传感器的诸多缺点，体积变得更小，可靠性更好，效率更高，进步拓宽了它的应用领域。因此，无刷直流电机的无位置传感器控制技术具有重要的研究意义和实用价值。 本文以无刷直流电机的无位置传感器控制技术为研究内容，针对无刷直流电机的无位置传感器控制技术方面的几个关键问题，主要包括转子位置检测、转子预定位、PWM调制方式以及转矩脉动抑制等方面的问题，从理论和实践方面展开了较为全面的研究和讨论。 本文首先介绍了无刷直流电机的基本工作原理及其数学模型，以此为基础，对无位置传感器转子位置检测中技术最成熟的反电势过零点检测法进行了分析，给出了检测到反电势过零点后再延迟30°电角度来确定换相点的方法。然后又对无刷直流电机的起动策略进行了讨论，对“三段式”起动法的原理、各阶段要点给出了详细的阐述，理论上分析了该方法的可行性。对于PWM调制方式的问题，在比较了几种常用PWM调制方式的基础上，本文选择了ON-PWM的调制方式，并分析了在该调制方式下换相转矩脉动产生的原因，提出了种简单有效的方法来抑制换相转矩脉动。 论文在Matlab/Simulink环境下搭建了无刷直流电机双闭环控制系统的仿真模型并进行了系统的仿真实验，然后设计了基于TI公司DSP芯片TMS320F28015的无位置传感器控制系统，并对控制系统的硬件和软件设计作了详细介绍。最后，本论文对无位置传感器无刷直流电机控制系统的三段式起动、反电势过零点检测、换相转矩脉动抑制以及电流转速双闭环控制等环节进行了实验验证与分析，取得了预想的结果。
[Abstract]:With the development of power electronics and power semiconductor technology, brushless DC motor uses electronic commutation instead of mechanical commutation, which makes brushless DC motor not only have the speed regulation performance of DC motor. It overcomes many disadvantages of external position sensor, such as smaller size, better reliability and higher efficiency. Therefore, sensorless control technology of brushless DC motor has important significance and practical value. In this paper, the position sensorless control technology of brushless DC motor is taken as the research content, aiming at several key problems of sensorless control technology of brushless DC motor, including rotor position detection. The problems of rotor predetermined position PWM modulation and torque ripple suppression are studied and discussed in theory and practice. In this paper, the basic working principle and mathematical model of brushless DC motor are introduced at first. Based on this, the most mature anti-EMF zero-crossing detection method in sensorless rotor position detection is analyzed. The method of determining commutation point by delaying 30 掳electric angle after detecting zero crossing point of reverse EMF is presented. Then the starting strategy of brushless DC motor is discussed, and the principle of "three-stage" starting method is described in detail, and the feasibility of the method is analyzed theoretically. For the problem of PWM modulation mode, on the basis of comparing several common PWM modulation methods, this paper chooses the ON-PWM modulation mode, and analyzes the reason of the commutation torque ripple under this modulation mode. A simple and effective method is proposed to suppress commutation torque ripple. In this paper, the simulation model of double closed loop control system of brushless DC motor is built in Matlab/Simulink environment and the simulation experiment is carried out. Then, a position sensorless control system based on DSP chip TMS320F28015 of TI company is designed. The hardware and software design of the control system are introduced in detail. Finally, the three-stage starting, anti-EMF zero-crossing detection, commutation torque ripple suppression and double closed-loop current speed control of position sensorless brushless DC motor control system are verified and analyzed. The desired results were achieved.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP273;TM33
本文编号：2225340
[Abstract]:With the development of power electronics and power semiconductor technology, brushless DC motor uses electronic commutation instead of mechanical commutation, which makes brushless DC motor not only have the speed regulation performance of DC motor. It overcomes many disadvantages of external position sensor, such as smaller size, better reliability and higher efficiency. Therefore, sensorless control technology of brushless DC motor has important significance and practical value. In this paper, the position sensorless control technology of brushless DC motor is taken as the research content, aiming at several key problems of sensorless control technology of brushless DC motor, including rotor position detection. The problems of rotor predetermined position PWM modulation and torque ripple suppression are studied and discussed in theory and practice. In this paper, the basic working principle and mathematical model of brushless DC motor are introduced at first. Based on this, the most mature anti-EMF zero-crossing detection method in sensorless rotor position detection is analyzed. The method of determining commutation point by delaying 30 掳electric angle after detecting zero crossing point of reverse EMF is presented. Then the starting strategy of brushless DC motor is discussed, and the principle of "three-stage" starting method is described in detail, and the feasibility of the method is analyzed theoretically. For the problem of PWM modulation mode, on the basis of comparing several common PWM modulation methods, this paper chooses the ON-PWM modulation mode, and analyzes the reason of the commutation torque ripple under this modulation mode. A simple and effective method is proposed to suppress commutation torque ripple. In this paper, the simulation model of double closed loop control system of brushless DC motor is built in Matlab/Simulink environment and the simulation experiment is carried out. Then, a position sensorless control system based on DSP chip TMS320F28015 of TI company is designed. The hardware and software design of the control system are introduced in detail. Finally, the three-stage starting, anti-EMF zero-crossing detection, commutation torque ripple suppression and double closed-loop current speed control of position sensorless brushless DC motor control system are verified and analyzed. The desired results were achieved.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP273;TM33
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