大容量电力电子分布式控制系统关键技术研究
发布时间：2018-09-18 18:52
【摘要】：随着电力电子器件技术、信息和控制技术的日益进步,智能化、模块化、中高压、大容量、高功率密度、高可维护性和高可靠性是现代电力电子变流技术的一个重要发展方向。对于我国未来的航母与大型舰船来说,电力推进系统、大容量区域配电系统、高能武器系统等分系统中大都包含有大容量或超大容量(MW级到数百MW级)的电力电子变流装置,然而在这些变流装置中,由于功率开关器件、控制变量以及反馈变量等的数目都非常多,若采用传统的集中式控制架构和控制方式,会使得系统不具备模块化功能,电磁自兼容性较差,通用性差,难以对控制系统进行重新配置,且大量的点对点通讯和内部的连接线,直接导致了系统的可靠性和可维护性差,控制系统和通信结构会变得更加复杂,不利于电力电子变流器系统的模块化、分布式、可靠性、可维护性和智能化程度的改善,因此在该方面存在一些关键技术问题迫切需要解决。本文以24MVA级十五相推进变频器为主要研究对象,分析和研究一种高速光纤环网通信的变流器分布式控制系统,主要对这种基于高速光纤环网通信的十五相推进变频器分布式控制系统的相关关键技术问题进行研究。 根据十五相推进变频器的空间分布特性,对变频器的功率级和控制级进行了模块划分,并建立了一种基于传统高速光纤环网通信的十五相推进变频器分布式控制系统。对这种环网通信用硬件控制器的功能进行了详细的分析与设计,并根据十五相推进变频器的工作特点,制定了一种适用于这种高速光纤环网通信的通信协议。 针对传统高速光纤环网存在着固有的网络延时问题,详细分析了环网通信拓扑中单桥臂网络延时和串行桥臂网络延时对输出电压谐波的影响,仿真结果验证了理论推导的正确性,为解决环网通信分布式拓扑结构中的同步问题提供了理论依据。根据传统高速光纤环网通信的特点,提出了一种系统同步延时自动测量和补偿的方法,可以根据各节点之间光纤线长度的不同,自动计算出系统数据和命令信息通过每个节点的处理延时,通用性高,且通信协议和软件编程简单,并通过实验验证了该方法的正确性和可行性。 针对传统高速光纤环网通信中网络延时较大,网络数据需要经过每一从节点的转发,且其已有的同步方法存在着同步延时和误差积累的问题,本文提出了一种新颖的可切换式高速光纤环网通信拓扑结构,分析了这种拓扑结构的工作模式和同步延时模型,并提出了一种适用于该种网络拓扑的高性能同步方法,其同步精度可达到8ns,且不存在有同步误差积累的问题。 针对已有SPWM(正弦脉冲宽度调制)逆变器中的窄脉冲补偿技术会影响电机起动和低速性能,增加电机的转矩脉动,本文提出了一种SPWM调制方式下的适用于分布式控制系统的基于零序偏置量注入的三电平窄脉冲补偿方法,可以有效的提高电机的低速性能和减小电机的转矩脉动。此外,经试验研究发现,在变流器的某种工况下,死区时间的引入造成了IGBT的开通和关断时间拉长的现象。本文对这种现象的产生机理进行了详细的理论分析与试验验证,可为电力电子工程研究人员对电力电子变流器系统死区补偿的研究提供参考,同时也为日益发展的有源门极驱动技术提供了理论依据。 最后,将本文研究的相关技术应用到十五相推进变频器分布式控制系统中,对这种基于传统高速光纤环网通信的分布式控制系统的数据通信和基本功能进行了试验验证。试验结果表明了这种十五相推进变频器分布式控制系统的正确性,同时也反映了本文所研究的相关技术的正确性和可行性。
[Abstract]:With the development of power electronic device technology, information and control technology, intelligent, modular, medium and high voltage, large capacity, high power density, high maintainability and high reliability are an important development direction of modern power electronic converter technology. Power electronic converters with large or super-large capacities (MW to hundreds of MW) are mostly included in distribution systems and high-energy weapon systems. However, in these converters, the number of power switching devices, control variables and feedback variables is very large, if the traditional centralized control architecture and control methods are adopted. It will make the system do not have modular function, poor electromagnetic self-compatibility, poor versatility, difficult to reconfigure the control system, and a large number of point-to-point communication and internal connection lines, directly lead to poor reliability and maintainability of the system, control system and communication structure will become more complex, not conducive to power electronic converter The modularization, distribution, reliability, maintainability and intellectualization of the system are improved, so there are some key technical problems to be solved urgently. In this paper, a high-speed fiber-optic loop network communication converter distributed control system is analyzed and studied based on 24MVA fifteen-phase propulsion inverter. The key technology of the distributed control system of 15-phase propulsion inverter based on high-speed fiber-optic loop network communication is studied.
According to the spatial distribution characteristics of 15-phase propulsion frequency converter, the power level and control level of the inverter are divided into modules, and a 15-phase propulsion frequency converter distributed control system based on traditional high-speed fiber ring network communication is established. According to the working characteristics of 15-phase propulsion inverter, a communication protocol suitable for this kind of high-speed optical fiber ring network communication is developed.
Aiming at the inherent network delay problem in traditional high-speed fiber ring network, the influence of single-leg network delay and serial-leg network delay on output voltage harmonics in ring network communication topology is analyzed in detail. The simulation results verify the correctness of the theoretical derivation and provide a solution to the synchronization problem in distributed topology of ring network communication. Theoretical basis. According to the characteristics of traditional high-speed fiber-optic ring network communication, a method of automatic measurement and compensation of system synchronous delay is proposed. According to the length of fiber-optic line between nodes, the system data and command information can be calculated automatically through the processing delay of each node, which has high universality and simple communication protocol and software programming. The correctness and feasibility of the method are verified by experiments.
Aiming at the problem of large network delay in traditional high-speed fiber-optic ring network communication, network data need to be forwarded by each slave node, and the existing synchronization methods have synchronization delay and error accumulation problems, a novel switchable high-speed fiber-optic ring network communication topology is proposed in this paper, and the working mode of this topology is analyzed. A high performance synchronization method suitable for this network topology is proposed. The synchronization precision can reach 8 ns and there is no synchronization error accumulation problem.
In view of the narrow pulse compensation technology in the existing SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) inverter will affect the starting and low-speed performance of the motor and increase the torque ripple of the motor, this paper proposes a three-level narrow pulse compensation method based on zero-sequence bias injection for distributed control system under SPWM modulation mode, which can effectively improve the performance of the motor. In addition, it is found that the introduction of dead-time leads to the phenomenon of IGBT switching on and off time lengthening under a certain working condition of the converter. This paper gives a detailed theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the mechanism of this phenomenon, which can be used for power electronic engineering research. Researchers provide reference for the dead-time compensation of power electronic converter system, and also provide theoretical basis for the increasingly developed active gate drive technology.
Finally, the related technologies are applied to the distributed control system of 15-phase propulsion inverter, and the data communication and basic functions of the distributed control system based on the traditional high-speed fiber-optic loop network communication are tested. The experimental results show that the distributed control system of the 15-phase propulsion inverter is correct. It also reflects the correctness and feasibility of the related technologies studied in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM921.5
本文编号：2248792
[Abstract]:With the development of power electronic device technology, information and control technology, intelligent, modular, medium and high voltage, large capacity, high power density, high maintainability and high reliability are an important development direction of modern power electronic converter technology. Power electronic converters with large or super-large capacities (MW to hundreds of MW) are mostly included in distribution systems and high-energy weapon systems. However, in these converters, the number of power switching devices, control variables and feedback variables is very large, if the traditional centralized control architecture and control methods are adopted. It will make the system do not have modular function, poor electromagnetic self-compatibility, poor versatility, difficult to reconfigure the control system, and a large number of point-to-point communication and internal connection lines, directly lead to poor reliability and maintainability of the system, control system and communication structure will become more complex, not conducive to power electronic converter The modularization, distribution, reliability, maintainability and intellectualization of the system are improved, so there are some key technical problems to be solved urgently. In this paper, a high-speed fiber-optic loop network communication converter distributed control system is analyzed and studied based on 24MVA fifteen-phase propulsion inverter. The key technology of the distributed control system of 15-phase propulsion inverter based on high-speed fiber-optic loop network communication is studied.
According to the spatial distribution characteristics of 15-phase propulsion frequency converter, the power level and control level of the inverter are divided into modules, and a 15-phase propulsion frequency converter distributed control system based on traditional high-speed fiber ring network communication is established. According to the working characteristics of 15-phase propulsion inverter, a communication protocol suitable for this kind of high-speed optical fiber ring network communication is developed.
Aiming at the inherent network delay problem in traditional high-speed fiber ring network, the influence of single-leg network delay and serial-leg network delay on output voltage harmonics in ring network communication topology is analyzed in detail. The simulation results verify the correctness of the theoretical derivation and provide a solution to the synchronization problem in distributed topology of ring network communication. Theoretical basis. According to the characteristics of traditional high-speed fiber-optic ring network communication, a method of automatic measurement and compensation of system synchronous delay is proposed. According to the length of fiber-optic line between nodes, the system data and command information can be calculated automatically through the processing delay of each node, which has high universality and simple communication protocol and software programming. The correctness and feasibility of the method are verified by experiments.
Aiming at the problem of large network delay in traditional high-speed fiber-optic ring network communication, network data need to be forwarded by each slave node, and the existing synchronization methods have synchronization delay and error accumulation problems, a novel switchable high-speed fiber-optic ring network communication topology is proposed in this paper, and the working mode of this topology is analyzed. A high performance synchronization method suitable for this network topology is proposed. The synchronization precision can reach 8 ns and there is no synchronization error accumulation problem.
In view of the narrow pulse compensation technology in the existing SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) inverter will affect the starting and low-speed performance of the motor and increase the torque ripple of the motor, this paper proposes a three-level narrow pulse compensation method based on zero-sequence bias injection for distributed control system under SPWM modulation mode, which can effectively improve the performance of the motor. In addition, it is found that the introduction of dead-time leads to the phenomenon of IGBT switching on and off time lengthening under a certain working condition of the converter. This paper gives a detailed theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the mechanism of this phenomenon, which can be used for power electronic engineering research. Researchers provide reference for the dead-time compensation of power electronic converter system, and also provide theoretical basis for the increasingly developed active gate drive technology.
Finally, the related technologies are applied to the distributed control system of 15-phase propulsion inverter, and the data communication and basic functions of the distributed control system based on the traditional high-speed fiber-optic loop network communication are tested. The experimental results show that the distributed control system of the 15-phase propulsion inverter is correct. It also reflects the correctness and feasibility of the related technologies studied in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM921.5
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