燃煤电厂PM2.5排放特性及污染控制研究
发布时间：2018-11-10 11:22
【摘要】：随着我国经济的飞速发展，近来全国多地雾霾笼罩，二氧化硫、氮氧化物、和挥发性有机物等细颗粒物PM2.5排放量大幅增加，污染由最严重的京津冀向沿海地区扩散，给人们出行和健康带来严重影响。作为PM2.5主要排放源之一的燃煤电厂，了解其排放特性，并采取切实可行的控制措施，已刻不容缓。 本课题分别对3台煤粉炉和1台循环流化床锅炉除尘前后和脱硫后所排放的烟气中PM2.5的排放浓度、粒径分布和物化特性做了试验分析。脱硫后PM2.5所排放粒数浓度约在105粒/cm3左右，质量浓度除尘效果较好的在0.57mg/m3左右，有的值较大在19.3mg/m3左右。燃煤电厂锅炉在除尘前后PM2.5的粒数浓度呈双模正态分布，，均在0.12μm和0.76μm附近出现峰值；所测试烟气中粒数浓度较大分布在0.01~0.1μm，质量浓度粒径较大分布在0.8~2.0μm。除尘器效率：电袋联合除尘、袋式除尘优于电除尘。脱硫后排放的PM2.5颗粒物并不理想，有时甚至不降反升。煤粉炉排放的PM2.5形貌，一部分为表面光滑形状规则的球形粒子，另一部分为形状不规则的块状粒子；CFB产生的PM2.5多呈不规则形状。燃煤电厂通过PM2.5排放汞、硒、砷、钒和锌的比例较大，进而对环境和人体健康造成危害。 为降低燃煤电厂PM2.5排放量，在现有除尘技术的基础上提出改建建议：a.改变静电除尘器的荷电形式。b.电除尘器前加设预处理装置。c.在电袋联合除尘器中，根据运行情况控制布袋除尘器的清灰方式和频率。d.电场与滤袋交错排列(AHPC)，设置电袋联合除尘器。e.在WFGD后，安装湿式电除尘器。在WFGD中，使烟气成为饱和状态，利用蒸汽相变原理来增加PM2.5颗粒的大小和质量，使PM2.5颗粒更容易捕获；在其下游安装湿式电除尘器，来控制PM2.5的排放量。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our country's economy, the PM2.5 emissions of fine particulates such as haze, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds have increased dramatically in many parts of the country recently, and the pollution has spread from the most serious Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to the coastal areas. It has serious effects on people's travel and health. As one of the main emission sources of PM2.5, coal-fired power plant has to understand its emission characteristics and take practical control measures. In this paper, the concentration, particle size distribution and physicochemical characteristics of PM2.5 in flue gas from three pulverized coal boilers and one circulating fluidized bed boiler before and after dedusting and desulphurization are analyzed. After desulphurization, the concentration of particles discharged by PM2.5 is about 105grains / cm3, the dust removal effect of mass concentration is about 0.57mg/m3, and some values are larger than that of 19.3mg/m3. Before and after dust removal, the particle number concentration of PM2.5 in coal-fired power plant boiler shows a double mode normal distribution, and the peak values appear in the vicinity of 0.12 渭 m and 0.76 渭 m. The distribution of particle number and particle size in flue gas was 0.01g / 0.1 渭 m and 0.8 渭 m, respectively. The efficiency of dust collector: electric bag combined dusting, bag dust removal is superior to electric dust collection. The PM2.5 particles emitted after desulfurization are not ideal and sometimes even rise rather than decrease. The morphology of PM2.5 emitted from pulverized coal furnace is one of spherical particles with regular smooth surface and the other of irregular shaped massive particles, and the PM2.5 produced by CFB is mostly irregular in shape. Coal fired power plants emit mercury, selenium, arsenic, vanadium and zinc through PM2.5, which is harmful to environment and human health. In order to reduce the PM2.5 emission of coal-fired power plant, the reconstruction suggestion is put forward on the basis of the existing dust removal technology: a. Change the charged form of electrostatic precipitator. Installation of preprocessing device before electrostatic precipitator. In the electric bag combined precipitator, according to the operation situation, control the dusting mode and frequency of the bag dust remover. Electric field and filter bag staggered arrangement (AHPC), setup electric bag combined precipitator. E. Install wet ESP after WFGD. In WFGD, the flue gas becomes saturated, the size and quality of PM2.5 particles are increased by using the principle of steam phase transition, and the PM2.5 particles are easily captured, and a wet electrostatic precipitator is installed downstream to control the PM2.5 emission.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X773
本文编号：2322335
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our country's economy, the PM2.5 emissions of fine particulates such as haze, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds have increased dramatically in many parts of the country recently, and the pollution has spread from the most serious Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to the coastal areas. It has serious effects on people's travel and health. As one of the main emission sources of PM2.5, coal-fired power plant has to understand its emission characteristics and take practical control measures. In this paper, the concentration, particle size distribution and physicochemical characteristics of PM2.5 in flue gas from three pulverized coal boilers and one circulating fluidized bed boiler before and after dedusting and desulphurization are analyzed. After desulphurization, the concentration of particles discharged by PM2.5 is about 105grains / cm3, the dust removal effect of mass concentration is about 0.57mg/m3, and some values are larger than that of 19.3mg/m3. Before and after dust removal, the particle number concentration of PM2.5 in coal-fired power plant boiler shows a double mode normal distribution, and the peak values appear in the vicinity of 0.12 渭 m and 0.76 渭 m. The distribution of particle number and particle size in flue gas was 0.01g / 0.1 渭 m and 0.8 渭 m, respectively. The efficiency of dust collector: electric bag combined dusting, bag dust removal is superior to electric dust collection. The PM2.5 particles emitted after desulfurization are not ideal and sometimes even rise rather than decrease. The morphology of PM2.5 emitted from pulverized coal furnace is one of spherical particles with regular smooth surface and the other of irregular shaped massive particles, and the PM2.5 produced by CFB is mostly irregular in shape. Coal fired power plants emit mercury, selenium, arsenic, vanadium and zinc through PM2.5, which is harmful to environment and human health. In order to reduce the PM2.5 emission of coal-fired power plant, the reconstruction suggestion is put forward on the basis of the existing dust removal technology: a. Change the charged form of electrostatic precipitator. Installation of preprocessing device before electrostatic precipitator. In the electric bag combined precipitator, according to the operation situation, control the dusting mode and frequency of the bag dust remover. Electric field and filter bag staggered arrangement (AHPC), setup electric bag combined precipitator. E. Install wet ESP after WFGD. In WFGD, the flue gas becomes saturated, the size and quality of PM2.5 particles are increased by using the principle of steam phase transition, and the PM2.5 particles are easily captured, and a wet electrostatic precipitator is installed downstream to control the PM2.5 emission.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X773
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 徐鸿;宋凯;雷小云;苏华莺;;200MW机组电除尘器可吸入颗粒物排放控制试验研究[J];热力发电;2006年10期
本文编号：2322335
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