面向水轮机调速器的MSMA高速开关阀研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 19:21

本文关键词：面向水轮机调速器的MSMA高速开关阀研究　出处：《南昌工程学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水轮机调速器是水电站重要的附属设备之一,其性能的优劣直接影响到水电厂发电质量的高低。水轮机调速器的工作原理是通过调整机组导水机构的开度来改变机组有功功率的输入,进而维持整个电力系统有功功率的平衡与稳定,因此对水轮机调速器的研究具有非常重要的意义。目前,国内外对水轮机调速器调节精度的研究主要是集中在控制算法来进行的,而进一步对其调节精度整体提升的前提条件是先导阀控制精度的极大提高。液压放大装置中的先导阀作为水轮机调速器的重要组成部分,目前大部分水电站均采用伺服阀结构。本文结合目前国内外对精密器件的研究热点,采用磁控形状记忆合金材料作为驱动源,设计研究了一种具备高精度、高频率特点的高速开关阀,以满足水轮机调速器对先导阀控制精度的要求。磁控形状记忆合金材料具有应变大、精度高、响应频率高及可靠性高等特点,目前是传输与控制精密流体、精密数控机床加工等应用领域的研究热门及应用材料。但是,磁控形状记忆合金材料的磁滞非线性及复杂的本构关系增加了其应用的难度,多物理场的耦合也使其理论研究变得困难。目前常用的商业分析软件如ANSYS有限元软件、MatLab/Simulink软件等对磁致伸缩材料都有相关的仿真分析模块,这对论文的仿真研究提供了很好的条件。论文以精密阀体技术为背景,在分析水轮机调速器结构和调节原理、新型阀的种类、磁控形状记忆合金材料的性能原理等基础上,结合MSMA材料对阀体的驱动结构进行了设计,并确定各部分的材料参数及结构尺寸;然后对磁控形状记忆合金材料磁滞非线性特性研究中的6种本构关系理论数学模型进行了研究分析;接着采用MatLab/Simulink软件对先导伺服阀与主阀结构各个环节进行建模与仿真分析,并采用ANSYS软件对MSMA材料驱动磁路进行了仿真分析;最后加工驱动样机并搭建了实验测试平台,对优化后的阀体驱动源部分进行了测试实验,通过比较仿真和实验数据,对阀体模型进行了结构优化设计,在此基础上,提出了一种伺服阀的新型结构。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic turbine governor is one of the important auxiliary equipments of hydropower station. Its performance directly affects the power generation quality of hydropower plants. The working principle of turbine governor is to change the input of unit active power by adjusting the opening of the water guide mechanism of the unit. And then maintain the balance and stability of the active power of the whole power system, so it is very important to study the governor of hydraulic turbine. The research on regulating accuracy of hydraulic turbine governor at home and abroad is mainly focused on the control algorithm. And the premise of further raising the adjustment accuracy is to greatly improve the control accuracy of the pilot valve. The pilot valve is an important part of the hydraulic turbine governor in the hydraulic amplifying device. At present, most hydropower stations adopt servo valve structure. In this paper, a kind of high precision has been designed and studied by using magnetically controlled shape memory alloy material as the driving source, combined with the research hotspot of precision devices at home and abroad. High-speed switching valves with high frequency characteristics can meet the requirements of hydraulic turbine governor for the control accuracy of pilot valves. Magnetic control shape memory alloy materials have the characteristics of large strain, high precision, high response frequency and high reliability. At present, it is a hot research and application material in the fields of transmission and control of precision fluid, precision NC machine tool processing and so on. The hysteresis nonlinearity and complex constitutive relation of magnetically controlled shape memory alloy materials increase the difficulty of its application. The coupling of multi-physical fields also makes it difficult to study the theory. Commercial analysis software, such as ANSYS finite element software, is commonly used at present. MatLab/Simulink software and other magnetostrictive materials have related simulation and analysis module, which provides a good condition for the simulation research of this paper. The background of this paper is precision valve body technology. On the basis of analyzing the structure and regulation principle of hydraulic turbine governor, the type of new valve and the performance principle of magnetically controlled shape memory alloy material, the driving structure of valve body is designed with MSMA material. And determine the material parameters and structural dimensions of each part; Then, six kinds of constitutive relation mathematical models in the study of magnetic hysteresis nonlinear properties of magnetically controlled shape memory alloy materials are studied and analyzed. Then the MatLab/Simulink software is used to model and simulate the structure of pilot servo valve and main valve. The driving magnetic circuit of MSMA material is simulated and analyzed by ANSYS software. Finally, the prototype was machined and the experimental test platform was set up, and the optimized valve body driving source was tested. By comparing the simulation and experimental data, the structure of the valve body model was optimized. On this basis, a new structure of servo valve is proposed.
【学位授予单位】：南昌工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TK730.3

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