透平叶片热态冲蚀风洞设计与实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 16:10

  本文选题：透平叶片 + 冲蚀特性　； 参考：《上海工程技术大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：透平在能源、冶金、石油、化工等工业领域被广泛应用,而工业过程中产生的含尘高温气体对其叶片的冲蚀,会破坏叶片型线导致其气动性能下降,并因冲蚀磨损大幅缩短设备的使用寿命。研究多重条件下叶片材质的抗冲蚀特性,对提高气轮机能量转化效率,保障其安全运行问题具有非常现实的意义。材料的抗冲蚀特性研究,主要手段是数值模拟和实验研究。目前国内外冲蚀实验平台尤其是热态冲蚀风洞尚不多见,而透平叶片的工作环境多为高温烟气。且现有实验设备存在气固混合不均匀、气流不稳定、实验温度波动大以及不易精确调控等缺陷。因此设计新型冲蚀实验平台,模拟透平叶片的真实工况,解决上述问题,对叶片冲蚀实验研究具有重要意义,以此平台获取冲蚀实验数据更具说服力,更能促进气固二相冲蚀研究的开展。本研究主要包括以下内容:(1)设计并实现了一种用于实验研究透平叶片冲蚀成因、冲蚀行为和规律的中高温、低马赫数(M0.3)、气固两相(稀相)负压风洞实验系统。系统采用引风机提供负压环境,空气电加热器对气流进行可变温加热,翅片管式换热器对二相流降温,袋式除尘器回收冲蚀颗粒,并使用监控PC机通过DIGATTOT串口服务器进行实验数据采集和实验系统监控。重点论述了:系统框架构成、颗粒引入方法、最佳冲蚀距离计算、颗粒冲击速度的估算方法、数据采集监控系统硬件和软件设计。经测试系统最高温度可达750℃,气固两相流颗粒浓度可调,气固两相流体冲蚀速度通过风机流量可变,冲角可在0° 90°任意调节。经对系统进行温度、速度稳定性测试以及换热器性能测试表明,实验参数稳定且易调节,该实验台已经达到设计目标。(2)在自行研制的冲蚀实验平台上,对1Cr12Mo叶片材质进行了抗冲蚀特性实验研究。气固两相固相浓度为0.22~0.29%,颗粒速度为75m/s,实验温度为200℃、300℃、400℃,发现该种材料累积失重与累积冲蚀量均具有高度的线性关系,不同温度下最大冲蚀率均出现在冲角20-25°之间,同时1Cr12Mo叶片材质在300℃抗冲蚀性优于200℃和400℃。(3)分析了两种实验误差成因和抑制方法。a.对于高温金属氧化质量增加引起的误差,给出了质量修正方法;b.针对小攻角下的冲蚀盲区,根据试件座设计方案进行了盲区成因分析,并定量分析推导出盲区面积计算公式,计算出不同冲角下的补偿因子。
[Abstract]:Turbine is widely used in the fields of energy, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical industry and so on. However, the erosion of the blade by the dust-containing high temperature gas produced in the industrial process will destroy the blade profile and lead to the decline of its aerodynamic performance. And because of erosion wear and greatly shorten the service life of the equipment. It is of great practical significance to study the anti-erosion characteristics of blade materials under multiple conditions to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the turbine and to ensure its safe operation. Numerical simulation and experimental study are the main methods to study the erosion resistance of materials. At present, there are few erosion test platforms at home and abroad, especially hot erosion wind tunnel, and the working environment of turbine blade is mostly high temperature flue gas. Moreover, the existing experimental equipment has some defects, such as uneven gas-solid mixing, unstable airflow, large fluctuation of experimental temperature and difficult to adjust accurately. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a new experimental platform for erosion, to simulate the real working conditions of turbine blades, to solve the above problems, and to obtain the experimental data of erosion more persuasively. It can promote the research of gas-solid two-phase erosion. This study mainly includes the following contents: design and implement a wind tunnel experimental system for experimental study of turbine blade erosion cause, erosion behavior and regularity, low Mach number M0.3, gas-solid two-phase (rare-phase) negative pressure wind tunnel. In the system, the negative pressure environment is provided by the induced fan, the air flow is heated by the air heater at variable temperature, the temperature of the two-phase flow is cooled by finned tube heat exchanger, and the erosion particles are recovered by the bag dust collector. And the monitoring PC is used to collect the experimental data and monitor the experiment system through the DIGATTOT serial port server. The structure of the system, the method of particle introduction, the calculation of the best erosion distance, the estimation method of particle impact velocity, the hardware and software design of the data acquisition and monitoring system are discussed in detail. The maximum temperature of the test system can reach 750 鈩，

本文编号：2000345