电磁平衡头结构优化设计及应用研究

发布时间：2018-08-05 10:13

【摘要】：针对旋转机械因转子质量不平衡所引起的振动问题,在转子上预装自动平衡头可以实现在线振动抑制。电磁平衡头具有结构简单紧凑、自锁可靠、平衡时间短等优点,能够实时在线监测转轴的振动状态,实现高精度、高速主轴的不平衡振动实时抑制。因此,深入研究电磁平衡头并推广应用具有一定的工程价值和经济效益。基于此,论文主要研究工作如下：(1)电磁平衡头磁场分析及磁路结构优化设计。以现有平衡头为基础,建立电磁平衡头有限元模型,得到配重盘步进过程中自锁力以及驱动力的变化规律,为驱动波形的设计提供参考并确定了最大自锁力及驱动力位置。在此基础上,研究了不同结构参数对最大自锁力、最大驱动力的影响规律,研究结果对减小平衡头轴向尺寸、励磁线圈安匝数的优化设计具有指导意义。(2)滚动轴承支撑的配重盘在高速、高离心力下的变形研究及优化。建立了滚动轴承支撑的配重盘有限元模型,通过显式动力学仿真得到了平衡头自锁状态下轴承内部各部件相对运动关系。在此基础上,基于拟动力学仿真研究了配重盘在不同配重块形状、不同转速、不同轴承材料以及两侧配重块相同及不同平衡能力下的变形情况,逐步优化配重盘结构。优化结构能够有效降低配重盘变形以及滚动体振动,提高平衡头运行稳定性,保障平衡头自锁及驱动性能。(3)涡桨发动机自动平衡方案研究。针对某一型号涡桨发动机,通过有限元分析软件Workbench对涡桨-转子系统进行了模态分析、不平衡响应分析,得到其固有频率、主振型以及临界转速。通过对比电磁平衡头动平衡前后螺旋桨以及压气机处的不平衡响应曲线,表明电磁平衡头对涡桨发动机转轴的不平衡振动具有良好的减振效果。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the vibration problem of rotating machinery caused by rotor mass unbalance, the on-line vibration suppression can be realized by installing an automatic balancing head on the rotor. The electromagnetic balancing head has the advantages of simple and compact structure, reliable self-locking and short balance time. It can monitor the vibration state of the rotating shaft in real time and realize the real-time suppression of the unbalanced vibration of the high precision and high speed spindle. Therefore, it has certain engineering value and economic benefit to study electromagnetic balance head and popularize its application. Based on this, the main research work is as follows: (1) Magnetic field analysis and magnetic circuit structure optimization design of electromagnetic balance head. Based on the existing balance head, the finite element model of the electromagnetic balance head is established, and the law of the self-locking force and the driving force during the stepping process of the counterweight disk is obtained, which provides a reference for the design of the driving waveform and determines the maximum self-locking force and the position of the driving force. On this basis, the influence of different structural parameters on the maximum self-locking force and the maximum driving force is studied. The optimum design of the ampere-turn number of the excitation coil is of great significance. (2) the research and optimization of the deformation of the counterweight disk supported by the rolling bearing at high speed and high centrifugal force. The finite element model of counterweight disk for rolling bearing support is established, and the relative motion relationship of the components in the bearing under the self-locking state of the balance head is obtained by explicit dynamic simulation. On this basis, the deformation of the counterweight disk under different weight distribution block shape, different speed, different bearing material and the same and different balance ability of the two sides weight distribution block is studied based on the pseudo-dynamic simulation, and the structure of the counterweight plate is optimized step by step. The optimized structure can effectively reduce the deformation of counterweight disk and the vibration of rolling body, improve the stability of the balance head, and guarantee the self-locking and driving performance of the balance head. (3) study on the automatic balancing scheme of the turbo-propeller engine. For a certain type of propeller engine, the modal analysis of the propeller rotor system is carried out by the finite element analysis software Workbench, and the unbalance response analysis is carried out. The natural frequency, the main vibration mode and the critical speed are obtained. By comparing the unbalance response curves of the propeller and compressor before and after the dynamic balancing of the electromagnetic balance head, it is shown that the electromagnetic balance head has a good damping effect on the unbalance vibration of the rotating shaft of the propeller engine.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TK403

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