燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫技术应用及升级改造研究

发布时间：2019-05-07 18:24

【摘要】：我国的化石能源具有“多煤、少油、缺气”的特点,硫酸型酸雨是我国酸雨的主要类型,燃煤产生的SO2排放是形成酸雨主要原因,中国已成为世界第一的产煤用煤大国,S02排放量迅猛增加,火电厂燃煤锅炉的烟气脱硫成为我国环境治理的首要问题,形势尤为严峻。陕西兴化化工公司自备电厂新建的4×160 t/h燃煤锅炉,使用含硫量0.5%的设计煤种,每年约有0.76万吨SO2排放到大气中,给周界的环境带来了严重的污染,而通过对烟气SO2的治理,可以有效地回收废气中的SO2资源,改善周界环境,为社会、企业营造良好的环境质量。本文通过对兴化化工公司新建的4×160t/h煤粉锅炉烟气脱硫各种可能的备选技术方法进行甄选,分析各种方法的优劣点,对常见脱硫方法的技术经济性进行比较,对烟气脱硫的现状和技术进展进行了全面的分析和总结。本文对建成后的烟气脱硫装置进行了性能测试和评价,装置在运行过程中经历了各种工况的考验,实践表明该氨-硫酸铵法脱硫装置运行是成功的。烟气脱硫系统具有设计烟气通量大流速低、净化程度高、适应各种工况的变化等特点。为了缓解企业蒸汽成本上涨的压力,企业采用了煤种硫含量较高(硫含量0.9%)的煤种,该煤种的价格较低硫煤(硫含量0.5%wt)价格便宜,旨在降低动力蒸汽成本。为了解决使用高硫煤带来的不达标排放等问题,企业在现有的运行数据和操作经验上,对整个脱硫装置进行自主技术改造,通过系统分析和计算研究,通过增加必要的设备和机泵对现有的装置进行因地制宜的改造,来达到提高装置产能的目的,并满足净烟气的达标排放标准(GB13223-2011),改造后产能得到了提高并延长了装置的长周期运行时间,使装置得到了全面的技术升级。对技术改造后的装置进行了运行参数分析,经济效益评价和综合能耗分析,结论表明改造后的装置运行连续稳定,净烟气达标排放,产能达到改造后的目标,经济效益明显,在一定程度上缓解了企业的亏损局面,吨产品的综合能耗处于行业内平均水平,硫酸铵质量满足GB535-1995合格品的要求。
[Abstract]:The fossil energy of our country has the characteristics of "more coal, less oil, lack of gas". Sulphuric acid rain is the main type of acid rain in China, and the emission of SO2 from coal combustion is the main reason for forming acid rain. China has become the first coal producing country in the world. With the rapid increase of S02 emissions, flue gas desulfurization of coal-fired boilers in thermal power plants has become the primary problem of environmental control in China, and the situation is especially severe. The newly built 4 脳 160t / h coal-fired boiler in Shaanxi Xinghua Chemical Company's own power plant uses a designed coal type containing 0.5% sulfur, and about 7600 tons of SO2 is discharged into the atmosphere every year, which has brought serious pollution to the surrounding environment. The treatment of flue gas SO2 can effectively recover the SO2 resources in waste gas improve the perimeter environment and create a good environmental quality for the society and enterprises. Based on the selection of various possible technical methods for flue gas desulfurization of 4 脳 160t/h pulverized coal boiler set up by Xinghua Chemical Company, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and compares the technical and economic performance of common desulfurization methods. The present situation and technical progress of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) are analyzed and summarized in this paper. In this paper, the performance test and evaluation of the built FGD unit has been carried out. It has been tested under various working conditions in the process of operation, and the practice shows that the operation of the FGD unit by ammonia-ammonium sulfate method is successful. The flue gas desulfurization system has the characteristics of high flow rate, high purification degree, and adaption to the change of various working conditions. In order to alleviate the pressure of rising steam cost, the enterprise adopted coal with higher sulfur content (0.9% sulfur content), which is cheaper than low sulfur coal (sulfur content 0.5%wt) in order to reduce the power steam cost. In order to solve the problem of substandard emission caused by the use of high sulfur coal, the enterprise has carried on the independent technical transformation to the whole desulphurization unit on the basis of the existing operation data and operation experience, and has carried on the systematic analysis and the calculation research, Through the addition of the necessary equipment and pumps to adapt the existing plant to local conditions, the purpose of increasing the capacity of the plant and meeting the discharge standard (GB13223-2011) of net flue gas is achieved. After revamping, the capacity of the plant is improved and the long-term running time of the unit is prolonged, so that the equipment is upgraded in an all-round way. The operation parameter analysis, economic benefit evaluation and comprehensive energy consumption analysis of the equipment after technical transformation are carried out. The conclusion shows that the revamped plant runs continuously and stably, the net flue gas reaches the standard of discharge, the production capacity reaches the target of the revamping, and the economic benefit is obvious. To a certain extent, the loss of the enterprise is alleviated, the energy consumption of tons of products is in the average level in the industry, and the quality of ammonium sulfate meets the requirements of GB535-1995 qualified products.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TK229.6

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