化工园区废水排放对杭州湾纳污区域微生物群落影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 08:52

  本文选题：微生物群落结构　切入点：氨氧化细菌　出处：《清华大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：随着环杭州湾地区人类活动的日益活跃，尤其是工业园区的蓬勃发展，，杭州湾水环境受到了严重的污染，已成为我国富营养化程度最高的海域之一。然而，在杭州湾环境质量恶化的同时，对其生态状况的关注较少，而微生物群落结构方面鲜有报道。因此，本研究采用分子生物学手段，分析杭州湾沿岸典型工业园区废水系统及排水区域微生物群落结构变化，研究纳污海湾区域微生物群落与环境因子间的响应关系，并探索陆源工业污染输入对纳污海湾区域可能造成的微生物群落结构方面的影响。 通过对园区废水处理系统和纳污区域微生物群落结构比较发现，杭州湾纳污区域沉积物具有比废水处理系统活性污泥更高的细菌、古菌丰度和多样性，但Thauera属和Truepera属等污染耐受型细菌在废水处理系统和杭州湾废水排放点均有检出，可能是污染对杭州湾微生物群落影响的一种信号。而废水流向关系对样品间细菌群落结构相似性的影响比对古菌群落结构相似性的影响更明显。废水处理系统活性污泥中氨氧化古菌（AOA）数量极低，氨氧化细菌（AOB）是氨氧化作用的主体；而杭州湾纳污区域沉积物中AOA和AOB的数量接近；两个环境中的AOB基本均属于Nitrosomonas；而Nitrosopumilus是沉积物中AOA的主体。污染输入对纳污区域AOB群落结构的影响比对AOA群落结构的影响更明显。 通过纳污区域不同位点、不同季节样品分析发现，纳污区域的微生物群落结构季节差异明显，而纳污区域内各位点微生物群落结构之间保持较高的相似度。沉积物比水体具有更高的细菌群落结构多样性，但两者古菌群落结构多样性比较相似。沉积物中的主要细菌群落Betaproteobacteria、Alphaproteobacteria与温度表现出很强的正相关性，而与水体COD呈现很强负相关性；主要的古菌群落Marine_Group_I则与温度表现出一定的负相关性。目前纳污区域水体氨氮浓度变化范围内（0.1-0.5mg/L），水体氨氮浓度的提高可能促进沉积物微生物群落中氨氧化菌比例的上升，并使AOA在氨氧化菌群中的比例得到提高。 通过实验室模拟培养发现，沉积物中AOA、AOB分别在较低（≤0.1mg/L）和较高氨氮浓度（≥2mg/L）下具有更高的活性；温度从5oC提高到35oC的过程中，沉积物的氨氧化能力得到提高；盐度的提高可使AOA的活性得到提高，成为主要的氨氧化菌群。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly active human activities around Hangzhou Bay, especially the vigorous development of industrial parks, the water environment of Hangzhou Bay has been seriously polluted and has become one of the most eutrophic waters in China. At the same time of environmental quality deterioration in Hangzhou Bay, little attention has been paid to the ecological status of Hangzhou Bay, but there are few reports on the structure of microbial community. Therefore, molecular biological methods are used in this study. The changes of wastewater system and microbial community structure in drainage area of typical industrial park along Hangzhou Bay were analyzed, and the response relationship between microbial community and environmental factors was studied. The effects of land-based industrial pollution input on the microbial community structure in the bay area are also explored. Through the comparison of the wastewater treatment system and the microbial community structure in the wastewater treatment area of Hangzhou Bay, it was found that the sediment in the sewage treatment area of Hangzhou Bay had higher bacteria, paleomycetes abundance and diversity than the activated sludge in the wastewater treatment system. However, Thauera and Truepera were detected in the wastewater treatment system and the wastewater discharge sites in Hangzhou Bay. It may be a signal of the influence of pollution on the microbial community in Hangzhou Bay, and the influence of wastewater flow relationship on the similarity of bacterial community structure among samples is more obvious than that on the similarity of ancient bacteria community structure. The wastewater treatment system is active. The amount of AOAA in ammoxidation sludge is very low. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is the main body of ammonia oxidation, while the amount of AOA and AOB in sediments in the sewage area of Hangzhou Bay is similar. AOB belongs to Nitrosomonas and Nitrosopumilus is the main part of AOA in sediment. The effect of pollution input on AOB community structure is more obvious than that on AOA community structure. Through the analysis of different sites and different seasons, it was found that there were obvious seasonal differences in the microbial community structure in the polluted areas. However, the microbial community structure of each point in the polluted area maintained a high similarity. The sediment has higher diversity of bacterial community structure than that of the water. However, the diversity of paleomycetes community was similar. The main bacteria community in sediment, Beta proteobacteriae Alphaproteobacteria, showed a strong positive correlation with temperature, but a strong negative correlation with water COD. The main paleomycetes Marine_Group_I showed a negative correlation with temperature. At present, in the range of ammonia nitrogen concentration in polluted water, the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration may promote the increase of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria ratio in sediment microbial community, and the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration may promote the increase of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria proportion in sediment microbial community. The proportion of AOA in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was increased. The results of laboratory simulation showed that AOAA AOB had higher activity at lower (鈮

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