溢油分散剂处理船用燃料油对发光细菌和黄海胆的复合毒性效应研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 01:32

  本文选题：溢油分散剂　切入点：180#燃料油　出处：《大连海事大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,海上交通运输业的发展和海洋石油资源的开发,大大提高了海洋溢油事故风险,对海洋生态环境造成了严重威胁。在溢油事故应急时,溢油分散剂常作为处理溢油的主要措施之一得到广泛的应用。本文选取发光细菌和黄海胆作为受试生物,选择180#船用燃料油和光明2号(GM-2)溢油分散剂分别作为受试油种和分散剂,比较燃料油分散液和加入溢油分散剂后的乳化液对水生生物的毒性效应,为使用溢油分散剂的生态风险评价提供参考依据。 本文通过180#燃料油分散液和乳化液对发光细菌的毒性效应的研究,得到不同浓度下发光细菌的抑制发光率,并比较几种常用函数的拟合效果,选择效果最好的Generalized Logit Ⅱ和Logit函数模型,建立浓度-效应关系；再利用建立好的浓度-效应关系,根据不同毒性效应下发光细菌的抑制发光率可以求得180#燃料油分散液和乳化液对发光细菌的15min-EC50值,分别为220.12mg/L和131.24mg/L,同时得出180#燃料油在加入溢油分散剂后毒性增大。 本文通过研究180#燃料油分散液和乳化液对海胆抗氧化系统的影响发现,暴露期和恢复期的海胆肠和性腺组织在180#燃料油分散液和乳化液中的抗氧化酶活性均出现先诱导后抑制的趋势,暴露期海胆肠组织的SOD、CAT、GST和GSH在分散液中的最大诱导值分别为113.06U/mgprot、120.72U/mgprot、132.26U/mgprot和178.67μmol/L;在乳化液中的最大诱导值分别为119.57U/mgprot、123.02U/mgprot、140.19U/mgprot和191.03μmol/L。但与暴露期相比,四种酶在恢复期的活性和变化程度均下降,最大诱导值降低；在乳化液中SOD、CAT、GST酶活性和GSH含量均明显高于在分散液中的值,而且暴露期SOD和GST在分散液中出现的最大诱导值浓度均高于乳化液中,由此可以说明乳化液中的石油烃毒性略高,对海胆组织酶活性的影响偏大；此外,由实验结果还可以得出海胆CAT和GSH对石油烃污染的敏感度更高,更适合作为监测海洋石油烃污染的生物标志物。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the development of marine transportation and the exploitation of offshore oil resources have greatly increased the risk of marine oil spill accidents, and have posed a serious threat to the marine ecological environment.In the emergency of oil spill accident, oil spill dispersant is often used as one of the main measures to deal with oil spill.In this paper, luminescent bacteria and yellow sea urchin were selected as tested organisms, and 180# marine fuel oil and Guangming No. 2 GM-2) oil spill dispersant were selected as tested oil species and dispersant, respectively.The toxic effects of fuel oil dispersions and emulsions with oil spill dispersants on aquatic organisms were compared in order to provide a reference for ecological risk assessment of oil spill dispersants.In this paper, the toxic effects of 180# fuel oil dispersion and emulsion on luminescent bacteria were studied. The inhibitory luminescence rate of luminescent bacteria at different concentrations was obtained, and the fitting effects of several common functions were compared.Choose the best Generalized Logit 鈪，

本文编号：1707786